---
title: The Swift Programming Language (6.3)
framework: swift-book
role: article
path: swift-book/The-Swift-Programming-Language
---

# The Swift Programming Language (6.3)

@Metadata {
  @TechnologyRoot
}

## Topics

### Welcome to Swift

- [About Swift](swift-book/GuidedTour/AboutSwift.md)
- [Compatibility](swift-book/GuidedTour/Compatibility.md)
- [Guided Tour](swift-book/GuidedTour/GuidedTour.md)

### Language Guide

- [The Basics](swift-book/LanguageGuide/TheBasics.md)
- [Basic Operators](swift-book/LanguageGuide/BasicOperators.md)
- [Strings And Characters](swift-book/LanguageGuide/StringsAndCharacters.md)
- [Collection Types](swift-book/LanguageGuide/CollectionTypes.md)
- [Control Flow](swift-book/LanguageGuide/ControlFlow.md)
- [Functions](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Functions.md)
- [Closures](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Closures.md)
- [Enumerations](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Enumerations.md)
- [Classes And Structures](swift-book/LanguageGuide/ClassesAndStructures.md)
- [Properties](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Properties.md)
- [Methods](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Methods.md)
- [Subscripts](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Subscripts.md)
- [Inheritance](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Inheritance.md)
- [Initialization](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Initialization.md)
- [Deinitialization](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Deinitialization.md)
- [Optional Chaining](swift-book/LanguageGuide/OptionalChaining.md)
- [Error Handling](swift-book/LanguageGuide/ErrorHandling.md)
- [Concurrency](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Concurrency.md)
- [Macros](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Macros.md)
- [Type Casting](swift-book/LanguageGuide/TypeCasting.md)
- [Nested Types](swift-book/LanguageGuide/NestedTypes.md)
- [Extensions](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Extensions.md)
- [Protocols](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Protocols.md)
- [Generics](swift-book/LanguageGuide/Generics.md)
- [Opaque Types](swift-book/LanguageGuide/OpaqueTypes.md)
- [Automatic Reference Counting](swift-book/LanguageGuide/AutomaticReferenceCounting.md)
- [Memory Safety](swift-book/LanguageGuide/MemorySafety.md)
- [Access Control](swift-book/LanguageGuide/AccessControl.md)
- [Advanced Operators](swift-book/LanguageGuide/AdvancedOperators.md)

### Language Reference

- [About The Language Reference](swift-book/ReferenceManual/AboutTheLanguageReference.md)
- [Lexical Structure](swift-book/ReferenceManual/LexicalStructure.md)
- [Types](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Types.md)
- [Expressions](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Expressions.md)
- [Statements](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Statements.md)
- [Declarations](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Declarations.md)
- [Attributes](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Attributes.md)
- [Patterns](swift-book/ReferenceManual/Patterns.md)
- [Generic Parameters And Arguments](swift-book/ReferenceManual/GenericParametersAndArguments.md)
- Summary Of The Grammar

### Revision History

- [Revision History](swift-book/RevisionHistory/RevisionHistory.md)