---
title: WWDC2001 Session 115
framework: wwdc
role: article
path: wwdc/wwdc2001-115
---

# WWDC2001 Session 115

## Transcript

Kind: captions Language: en in 1998 Apple Computer became first computer company to make open-source development part of its ongoing software strategy and we've had great successes then and today we would like to give you an update and status on some of the projects which includes Darwin itself QuickTime streaming server open play net sprocket and so at this point I'd like to bring on stage the director of core OS engineering Brad Hallie good morning certainly open source at Apple I think one to realize is becoming fairly pervasive through our project plans and then certainly this isn't the only session at all that's dealing with open source but in this session we're gonna spend some time today and actually go over kind of more of the infrastructure and mechanisms and stuff behind what we're doing around open source you can learn a lot of that open source throughout the week in other sessions as well there's a huge number of technical sessions for Darwin something on the order of 20 different sessions as well as some of the other technology so you know it's not just here we're gonna talking about open source this is something that's pretty consistent through much of the technology discussions so we're gonna spend a few minutes and talk about a number of the various projects around open source at Apple in addition we're gonna give you a little idea of you know where we're going particularly in some of the infrastructure and support to kind of enable open source development in the community and most importantly how you can get involved and participate in the process so first it's it's worth mentioning that our public source license that version 1.2 is released just a little while ago and that's actually been extremely well received we've since the original release of our public source license we've been working with the community to kind of refine it and make it work well for both our developers and an Apple Computer and I think we've done extremely well and clearly the community believes that because we've been approved by the OSI as being a certified open source license certainly someday invert we're we're very happy about I'd like to actually make it a bit of an announcement that we've have added a new project to the open source projects at Apple and this is a CD essay the common data security architecture Thank You sounds like that one person is very excited about that so this is a an open group standard and it's basically the basis the underlying foundation for a lot of the security features within Mac OS 10 support for the keychain and and other key services of the system it provides a number of modular plugins for cryptography and certificate management and key management and things like that and this is now available as of today I believe we've got all the stuff all up last night and this morning it should be available now on our website for you to download and play with should be pretty obvious to most of the community in the Apple community at this point what you know value there is an open source it's pretty tremendous but it really bears repeating that there's a lot of value that occurs in open sourcing technology in both to Apple and the community one certainly for the developer provides an opportunity to really get in and look at the source code see what we're doing you know it's a lot it's very hard for us to kind of keep up with documenting each and every single capability and there's nothing like the source to really you know give you a clear idea of how things truly work it's obviously a great source of example code and you know it's an opportunity when things don't seem to be working quite the way you think they should to be able to go and see what the system is truly doing in addition it really becomes more than just access to the source but an opportunity to actually work and collaborate and work with other developers in the community to help resolve issues to actually take advantage of kind of this shared knowledge base that exists around open-source and the technology and as we'll see in a minute that community is growing quite significantly and ultimately allows you as developers to really improve the quality and capability of your software since you really can find out how the system works and where the best and the best services and capabilities and features are in the system I mean allows you to really be able to tune your your software to work much better on Mac OS 10 from our perspective of course you know there's certainly a lot of advantage to to get the community actively involved in the development and evolution if you will of Darwin and the system certainly you know we've noticed there's a lot of people who are interested in seeing us succeed and are always willing to actually if they find a problem and actually you know they many times even know what the bug fix is we've some of our feedback that we've gotten through our support lines have included you know a particular problem in including the fix which is certainly and have a new experience for our support organization in addition you know it there's a lot of things that we just don't have enough people to do we can't do all the things we want to and this is an opportunity for the the community at large to get involved in the process and actually enhance and make the product better and of course work on things like compatibility and performance and other aspects of the system there's a ton of project being ported to Mac OS 10 and I think to a large degree that's because of the open source nature of Darwin and other parts of the system it really you know Foster's the the philosophy and being able to get these kinds of services and capabilities under the system as of today for example as I understand it on sale and developer Depot is the CD of something like twelve hundred ports BSD ports from the port's collection a thousand yeah mm I am I guess a guy sorry you know tools and commands and applications if you will that to run into the Darwin environment also I think that's one of the other aspects that we think is pretty important is being able to actually keep up with the community at large there's you know an order of magnitude more people involved in the development process and there's you know a way to really leverage that community far beyond the walls Apple and I think it's it's a pretty important capability in facility and certainly all of this really comes down to try and make make sure that we make the best possible products we can for our customers and our developers the community itself really benefits pretty substantially from this the community is not just Apple and our customers but also the rest of the open-source community we do not believe that this is a one-way process our goal is not to take in technology and use it in our product we've really worked hard to try and develop relationships with the external developer community to find ways to feed fixes and changes and other things upstream to the to those developers and actually be involved in the open-source community and that's really is a very hard thing to do but something we take very very seriously because of that of course I think that just continues to to help foster and grow the community at large and if they realize that we're serious and we're going to contribute and help and and you know invest in the in the open-source community there's a much greater opportunity for an interest for the community themselves to be to participate in the process in addition we've seen quite a lot of interest in taking some of the technology that we've developed things like the QuickTime streaming server there's others and actually adapt that software to other other new environments things beyond what we might have considered by ourselves and then the developers are taking advantage of technology we've developed in new and interesting ways and of course certainly you know because it's more than just Apple the communities involved there's you know kind of a you know a growth that occurs there and then the ability to communicate to collaborate and to exchange and for to be able to use other resources than just depending upon you know it's the small handful of people that we have developing software inside Apple to actually get involved in your software development processes and much like there's you know quality benefits for us I think that's true as well - the open source environment they're really the reason it works is because there's a lot of people working on the technologies and everybody benefits by the improvements and the quality and testing capabilities for Apple this community is growing pretty significantly since we released Darwin we had over 700,000 downloads which is pretty damn significant even the next door is clapping I think this is great they think it's pretty cool we've had over 95,000 users registered in our site and that's a pretty significant developer community our mailing list activity year-over-year has grown by two and a half times a year that's exponential and we're at this point about eighteen hundred you know I didn't saying they're in the mailing list discussions every month and we see this growing and I pretty at a pretty ferocious rate clearly as we've reached major milestones of reaching to the Developer Preview releases and the public beta and now of course the final release you know this is ends up being pretty significant you know milestones of developer involvement and adoption and as people continue to port their products and technologies to mac OS 10 this is a great forum for them to participate in if you're not on the mailing list we encourage you to there's a lot of great discussion there there's a lot of activity going on in a specific activity going on in the community well certainly we're actively involved in supporting FreeBSD and changes and things that we have there's a very vibrant relationship there sharing information about technology issues and collaborations that we're doing on you know packaging and other kinds of things there's also we work very tightly with the apache group we've certainly had them on campus and sponsored their activities and and try and provide hardware and other things to them as well as fixes to support the platform the x3 86 project mysql pam etc there's a number of projects where there's been a lot of two-way activity in addition there's been quite a lot of interest in you know you know the open source developer community to actually port darwin to the x86 platform and we've you know been supporting that that work that's not something that you know we're doing for any product direct interest this is something the community is pretty excited about doing and as that work continues to evolve we take the fixes and changes incorporated in the source base so that people can take advantages of one shared source for all of that technology the streaming server has been ported to just about every significant platform that's out there and as a result you can make sure that it's possible that you can do you know stream QuickTime content on just about any anything that you want also certainly I'm sure you've seen recent announcements on on things new participants in net partner sprocket and open Play and there's been a lot of positive progress there and we'll talk more about that in a few minutes in addition we've been really you know working with the community as I said there's been a lot of fixes and things that have come in things like security fixes or other fixes that have come in we've actually you know watched those things it's coming if they're opportunity we fold them into software updates so as you've seen we've had you know three software updates since Mac OS 10 was released and in those when there's been opportunities to include security fixes or things from the community we do and like I said already the support line has been and I'm now kind of dealing with this new concept of getting fixes along with their with bug report so there's been quite a lot of exciting activity there we have this as part of the infrastructure forum working with the open source community as I mentioned it's not just apple we actually have people in the community who actually have write access to our CVS repositories and actually in a position to contribute directly to the code for Darwin and some of these other projects and these folks we call Darwin developers these are partners in the open source arena and for a number of specific open source projects there should be considered peers to their to the rest of the engineers and people at Apple in terms of their ability to help you know contribute code changes and kind of participate in the process of evolving the source code they can help with questions and then certainly they're in a position because they have CVS commit access to be able to commit changes and modifications and things into the into the CVS repositories obviously from a standpoint of just managing the source code it's not a complete free-for-all we do try and make sure that there are specific point people for each of the key technologies but again it's worth noting those people aren't necessarily people who work for or aunt Apple these developers are folks that the community has you know and the core team of Darwin have selected for technical ability you know kind of a well known participation in the open-source community you know folks that are actually approved by the Apple executive management so that they actually you know we are giving them access to our our repositories like I said there's quite a number of people who are involved in this and here's a list of some of the key people if you're involved involved with and one important announcement that I want to make today is that we've just recently in the past day of signed a Jordan Hubbard of FreeBSD to be part of the the Darwin core team as mentioned this is Darwin Jordan if you can raise your hand and if you know Jordan is actually one of the founders of FreeBSD and as certainly I think the kind of the the real spiritual leader of the FreeBSD community if you will and we really take you know involvement in collaboration with that community to be very very serious goal of Darwin in the open our open source project so we're really glad to have him on as a Darwin developer in addition there's a large number of other people here I won't go through this you can look at the list but you'll actually get a chance to meet some of these folks here a little bit later in the presentation so from my particular section of this I think one thing to note again is that there's some really important benefits we seed open-source this is not an experiment for an experiment for us this is the way we do business for Mac os10 and for a large number of our you know technologies and this is something that we're really working to try and make what work well for Apple Computer we really you know think this is something that worked you know as a real benefit to you we think it's a benefit to Apple to the open-source community and to our customers and we really would like to you know have you guys be part of that more and more so if you get an opportunity please get on the mailing list get involved and we'll talk a little bit more about how you can do that and some of the specifics and just minutes you'll see as mentioned today with the growth of addition of CDSA now in our open source Arsenal that you know this is something that we're you know continuing to evolve and grow projects that we think are appropriate candidates for for open sourcing at Apple and you know if you're interested if you think you're one of those people who really can make a contribution and want to be directly involved as a darwin developer or just as part of the darwin community we'd love to have you so up next in the presentation we have a number of things we're going to talk about dedos ickey is going to come up next and talk about some of the support resources and kind of the mechanisms for supporting the community is also going to talk about about darwin itself and how you can get involved in building and and working with that Chris Lacroix will talk a bit about the streaming server lain Roth for now rocket so an own play and run Hayden will talk about our open documentation efforts with header doc and we'll also do some Q&A in the end and on that I'll pass this on to Dave all right so we're gonna start off talking about what infrastructure you guys have to work with us first of all let's start off with the fact with our Darwin repository our repository where most of our projects live is beyond our firewall so you guys can get at it fairly quickly and our external Darwin developers have direct access to it too we also have an internal repository where some of our non live projects live for a few specific reasons either we've got source code from third parties that we can't release there's some information we've received under NDA that we can't release you know things like that but we we try to minimize that where we can and keep our projects in the external repository where you guys can get it at them read the history read the comments know why we did things the way we did we have a web forum where you guys can come in and provide us with patches or feedback those have come to us and also we they're available to our Darwin developers so we can get them back into our CVS repositories and of course our Darwin developers work with us and you the community to incorporate changes and fixes into our code and make it better we have a bug tracking system inside of Apple of course we also thought it was good for you guys to be able to see what changes we're making or need to be made so you can help us out if we need needed you can browse and submit them via our website you can it is incorporated with our internal bug tracking system so it's not a separate bug tracking system it's just an import and an export of our bugs so you don't need to worry about you know any disconnect in nature or the bugs isn't it a reporter there there what's in our bug tracking system and we updated three times a day so you guys can see quick updates these are a bunch of the resources we have and there's of course our main website there's also our page on CBS and how to use it at Apple with our repositories we have a few mailing lists of it hosted on list.com and that includes Darwin development our main development mailing list that includes Darwin OS users are kind of discussion lists for people that are actually using Darwin and there's also some mailing lists for the streaming server and the security project also known as the CDSA project and I think that's it for mailing lists there's of course our bug tracking system if you want to see what's going on with our projects and a list of our Darwin developers is available we also have hexley which is logo they was come up with by the community of course created by John Hooper for the use by the Darwin community there's also t-shirts available that we can you can talk to us later you saw a bread of course wearing one and there are few others of us around here wearing them and now I'll talk about Darwin itself Darwin is the core of Mac OS 10 it's the foundation it's the same you can swap in a kernel you build yourself from our repository with the kernel provided in our system we consider that very important thing you can do that and you know if you ever run in any problems let us know but it it's works today and we plan on keeping it working so now you've probably seen this picture a lot I'll show it to you again Darwin is the foundation of macron was 10 it provides the file systems the networking Mach I Oh kid drivers and it also provides user land which would probably sit right next to QuickTime and all sorts of other or cocoa actually so yeah the foundation of my go is 10 its be as debased with a mock kernel and I okayed we think it's very important that is BSD based because it provides a foundation for lots of your applications to be ported over in a quick way it's extensible to provide a support for a lot of file systems we already have a bunch in the base system today including you know HFS ufs NFS UDF ms-dos but there's certainly more out there we'd like to see them it provides dynamic and flexible configuration management as you've seen in earlier presentations we provide things like mobility hot-plug of disks and etc and it supports multiple platforms and we'd certainly like to see more today we support piracy in x86 you can download binaries for both platforms from our website and be able to run them today on your system and now we're gonna have a demo by Alfredo Sanchez hey Brett my name is Fred Sanchez I'm a Darwin developer what that means is basically that like anyone else who works at Apple for bread in the core OS group that I'm one of the engineers that works on mac OS 10 and I'm one of the authors of some of the software that you'll see in your system when you boot up in particular I wrote a program called system starter which turns your computer on from the sort of in it has run you've just turned the computer on up to the state where it's safe to bring up the login prompt for it for the multi-user tomorrow there will be a talk on performance and Joe Sokol and Robert Budaj will be like whining loud system start it doesn't go fast enough I mean that's a personal affront to me so I had to fix that and so I got a demo here of a thing I've been hacking on yes shut the switch number one all right I am going to bring up the very famous terminal application which scares a lot of people but there's a lot of fun for me if you're a Darwin developer you spent an awful lot of time on the UNIX command line prompts though this shouldn't scare you too much basically a system starter is a like all good Apple software it has a demo mode so I'll show you how it normally works it runs a series of startup items in in serialized order so it knows this item has to start before this other item can go and it runs one at a time in order and what I did different here is if you if you turn on your computer you might notice that it takes a while to run each one one at a time and this might look different to you in that you see a whole bunch of things happening at once and then you see a few more and then you see a few more so what I changed is that the startup items rather than running serially in order it'll run as many as it can possibly run all at once in parallel and then as soon as it can run another one it runs a few more and so they're debugging up what you see here is it's showing you like it's print launching a whole bunch of commands and then waiting on the right one to exit for you and I do this because I have a vested interest in seeing Mac OS become a better system mostly because I don't want to use Windows for the rest of my life and I don't work at Apple but I have access to the software I can do this as well and so can you before you think I'm a liar I actually used to work at Apple which is why I wrote this but now I don't so it's all good so that's my demo do I do the you do that Thanks [Applause] we switch back to the slides so the roadmap for what's left in the week we have a 193 leveraging BSD Services in Mac OS 10 it's going to be in the Civic Center Friday 2 p.m. we have 140 the Darwin kernel which is also going to be at the Civic Center on Friday at 3:30 which I highly recommend for those of you that are interested in what's going on inside the kernel and then there's our feedback forum on and also in the civic center at 5:00 p.m. so up next we have Kris Lacroix from the quick time group thanks Dave I'm just gonna really briefly go through or Pennock provide some status on where we're at with the QuickTime streaming server first thing I want to do is kind of take care of some some confusion that people have there's a Darwin streaming server and there's a QuickTime streaming server and people always ask well what's the difference between those two and there's actually nothing different at all other than the name QuickTime streaming servers just a branding our brand name that we use for the Mac OS 10 version of the server other than that they're built from the same source code the Darwins platforms are freebsd linux windows NT solaris it's all identical source code there they have an identical functionality they have the same user interface size of three oh there's no difference so here's what here the platform's we currently built on the ones on the top or platforms that Apple actually builds and tests on so and we actually provide binaries that you can download of all of those platforms the ones underneath or platforms that other people have ported to Mac OS was done by some-some guys in Brazil there's a SGI our export Compaq actually ported it to their tru64 systems which are like massive 64-bit big hardware and it's been ported to a bunch of other Linux I or Linux eyes or whatever the plural is for that in 300 the newest features are we've added a web-based administration and what that with that'll that's one of the things that allowed 302 be exactly the same on every platform inversions - and earlier we actually had a little cocoa app for Mac os10 we've gotten rid of that and everything is all web-based now we've added some broadcast automation functionality which allows the broadcaster to automatically start up broadcasts to a server which then get reflected to clients skip protection is new which and skip protection is just another brand name for a collection of quality of service enhancements that were that we've added 2/3 own we'll continue adding in future versions we've improved the authentication we now have digest md5 authentication and we've done a few minor API changes so if want to hear more about these there's a session tomorrow that'll go into a lot more detail and so here we're here's where we are with downloads so we have over 150,000 downloads of the server itself the client has over 150 million copies of the client and distribution which is a pretty big number and then the number I just looked up recently which kind of surprised me is that we have over 500 developers that are currently subscribed to the developer mailing list which means that they're actively watching mail go by so I guess we've got probably the biggest we have the biggest development team for any streaming server in the world I guess you can look at it that way and another thing I did is I just kind of did a search on Google for QuickTime streaming server Darwyn streaming server just to kind of see what kind of people were using this and here's a list of some of them I came up with there are actually a bunch I got like massive number of pages in Google when I did the search so NASA is using it someplace I'm not sure exactly what department department it is pop-y or actually does some pretty cool stuff they've got they provide kind of radio internet radio station and they've taken the playlist broadcaster portion of the server and modified that so that you could basically provide creates an internet radio station that has you know ad insertion and things like that then Cooper film-school have standardized on this River they actually use it for they've got a little internal TV show that they do and they put that up on the web in the streaming format for QuickTime only surf net TVs I think that's a European site I actually don't remember what they do this is a week ago that I looked at this stuff and Inktomi have created a caching proxy that works with the server and Compaq as I mentioned ported it to their tru64 system and they include that as well one of the things they provide is a collection of open-source software for that platform and the Darwins streaming server is one of those items and the amount of rebus Volcano Observatory they've got a camera that's up in the crater and is actually watching the volcano all the time and they've got a live stream that you can you can go and watch they use the Darwin streaming server for that so the resources are the mailing list that I just mentioned if you go to lists Apple comm just search for the word stream and you'll see two lists you'll see a developer list any user list and they're both they actually could to subscribe to they don't have a massive amount of traffic traffic so somewhere between 5 and 20 message messages a day but they're all there they're all really really focused and good messages so it's actually good and although all of our engineers are actually up on those lists too so that's like the best way to get a hold of those guys you can get all the information about the product up on Apple Apple's open-source site and then you can go to the QuickTime site if you want to find out more about QuickTime and more of the and more the client-side features of QuickTime and how they interact with the server and a couple or three or four more sessions so there's a broad cating live with quicktime streaming or broadcasting live five o'clock and then tomorrow we've got two sessions that are that are server-side oming starting at 9 o'clock just an overview the server I'll go into more detail about with the server how it works the new features things like that and then I'll have a bunch of the engineers come up in the in the 407 session and show you all the different ways you can customize the cervix truly the most customizable screening server in the world and then we've got our feedback forum on Friday or on Thursday at 3:30 and we'll also be at the beer bust at Apple it's all the engineer or the engineers they're asleep look either in the server group or the QuickTime group will be in one or the other and that's it next is lean roads thank you [Applause] all right so I'm covering the open play effort that with Jim Darwin the biggest news is that net sprocket which was released as open source a while back is now part of the open play effort and it has been carbonized all of the net sprocket functionality all those api's are now part of open play and are being tested right now and getting all that functionality working currently the package that will be checked into CVS shortly consists of two separate projects the open play project and the net sprocket project this is a legacy of how this all came to be and how it was developed it makes things a little bit tough to figure out we are working to correct that we will combine both of those projects into a single project that will be called open play this will alleviate some of the weirdness with having multiple directories that are the same name and some duplication of source files so forth like that the current next sprocket source is available and will remain as such that all future work will be on the combined open play project okay so the networking API is designed to be cross-platform and pop protocol agnostic currently it is running under Mac OSX in a carbonized form under Mac OS as well as under Windows there is a tcp/ip network module that is available for all of those platforms and then apple talk is available for Mac OS there are three API layers to the new open play there's the game interface and that's the highest level interface which was known previously as Ness ruckette that interface is what most of the games and out of their applications we use the protocol interface was the former straight open play face its the lower-level interface just for connecting and passing packets back and forth the networking interface is just a wrapper or to go around the different networking api's and most people won't be using that it all comes together as you see your application can talk to any one of the three api's within open play it can also talk directly to any of the OS networking api's as you feel needed inside of open play the game interface talks to the protocol interface and that talks to the net module interface that is selected for whichever game you're running and it will talk directly to the networking API in the OS okay so the game interface as I said is the highest level interface this is basically the net sprocket API it's the easiest way for you to add functionality networking functionality to your game the API is handle hosting games joining games it handles all the game management it handles your player management for just two or more players it also handles packet management so you can send data back and forth very simply you don't have to worry about a lot of the details like all the wrapper functions are in the cross-platform segment are swapped in there by daughter you still are responsible from doing that for your specific data but you don't have to worry about all the underlying data that's all handled by those api's let's cross-platform again OSX mac OS windows the protocol interface is a lower-level interface this is where all the platform agnostic and networking a wrappers are I like I said there's IP for all the platforms and there is appletalk for Mac OS F or Mac OS and then besides running on the the mentioned platforms this interface has a start into a Linux version and that is underway by the community the networking interface is the just very low level wrapper to go around your different protocols it has a plug-in design so that in the future if it's needed somebody can drop in a new protocol module and they can do that independent of the release package so you can do it just if you have some private networking API that you need to do you can have your own separate module and not have to check it into CVS and this single API can also be used by your program if you want to have that very low level control and still have the network diversity that's it [Applause] I'm Ron Hayden and I manage the Darwin documentation project so a couple years ago Apple obviously did a big leap into open source with Darwin and then a few months ago we did another major leap into open source with our documentation it was a recognition that the documentation is often as important as the source code and what the purpose of this project is is to provide the tools and resources to allow developers to provide the documentation directly which is very exciting for me I've worked for a long time in technical publications and one of the things I've discovered is that frequently the writers are a bottleneck to the information that you need the engineer may have the information especially reference material the engineer may have written down that information for the writer the technical support people may have the information some of our customers using the product may have the information but because of the enormous number of thing the writers have to cover that may not get into the next release and it's wrong and it's a problem so one of the things that we're learning from open source is how to remove that bottleneck and let the person who has the information provide the information as quickly as possible to the audience this doesn't mean that we're not writing documentation anymore or that we're asking the community to provide it all we have a Darwin technologies writing team which is concentrating on some of the big-picture stuff so we're doing an i/o kit fundamentals book we're doing text tutorials we're doing stuff on on handling USB and hid and such but the actual reference material is more and more frequently coming directly from the engineer and getting into people's hands so here's the things that we cover in Darwin documentation project first and probably most important is heterodox and what is important about this is that every person in this room who's doing a C or C++ project should be using header doc we want all of we want a standard reference format that where everything is uses what we use it for all of our i/o kit documentation and what everyone else to use it what it is is a set of structured tags very similar to Javadoc except for c and c++ which get processed into highly formatted HTML for you automatically and we want we like to say we want to pervasive we want everyone using it the next area that we cover how to documents how to documents are individuals usually small documents one to ten pages long that tell you how to do how to get your job done with one piece of the Darwins system the how-to project has really just gotten rolling recently so thanks to some submissions from people like Rob Ron we now have how-tos on how to be a Darwin developer how to build Darwin we have how to package UNIX applications for Darwin and we have more rollin in every week and that's something that that anyone can participate in and it's well with heterodox the engineer who owns the code typically provides the header doc in the case of how to documents its whoever has the knowledge there might be a subject area expert it might be a writer might be someone just interested in that area they can provide a how-to document to help everyone else finally we have man pages which are not in the state we'd like them to be in Darwin and we're putting a lot of focus over the next couple of months into changing that we're going to break out the man pages get them there right now they're there tied into a documentation project we're gonna break them out give them back into the commands get the engineers handling them we're gonna work on on our upstream from BSD and such getting those main pages back in and cleaned up so hopefully you'll see a lot of things improve there and in general we provide a lot of tools and support and if you want to learn about this the thing to do is come to the Darwin documentation project meeting in this room on Friday at 10:30 where we're gonna go in detail over how we hetero dock works how to create how-to documents using docbook xml what exactly we're doing form and pages and also what documentation we have especially for i/o kit in the kernel what documentation we're working and some of the areas where we could really use some assistance from the Darwin community in filling in some things that we're not going to get to in the near future that people need so that's the Darwin documentation project and I do hope that some people will come to the to the session on that so we can go over in in some detail how you could contribute so as you can see we have quite a lot of different projects and things that we're involved in Apple is extremely committed to open source as I've mentioned before this isn't an experiment this is a way we're doing business and you'll see more and more involvement from us as and each day goes by as new project come online as it's appropriate and we get more and more infrastructure in place we'd really want to encourage you to join the community of open-source developers there's I said over 3,500 just on our mailing list alone there's a lot of great information there and there's a lot of people who really know the software inside and out including a lot of the internal Apple developers this is a great way to get to them directly and you know the people are quite willing to jump on and answer questions if you've got any so please participate there's a lot of conferences that we're also involved in so in the open source community and such so we're going to be at Mac hack we have a number of different sessions there we'll talk about the booting architecture and then more information about Darwin and a number of other talks going on at macaque you snicks we have a one-off and participation that going on that Ernie will be at and as well we'll be at the O'Reilly open source conference I know I have a talk there an executive forum talk and we've got some others as well so we're certainly looking at ways that we can be more involved in some of these external activities and you know if you're going to be there we're going to be there too um it's on that I'd like to have Jason come up and we're going to do some Q&A you