WWDC2003 Session 301

Transcript

Kind: captions Language: en so the what we're going to talk about today is the unix tools there we go okay now you've heard about Xcode and you've seen the demos and Xcode is a full tool suite part of that means the that it includes command line tools we have a full set of command line tools of the traditional sort that the units community is used to has been using for a long time we use that to speed reports we use it to ease maintenance of the program's once ported and what it really comes down to is that it's part of making mac OS 10 a really superior home for unix applications one of the the best way to characterize is that things just work I have a number of acquaintances including a number of the enthusiasts of that l system and they would go to some trouble to run power pc linux on their tie books they would run it for a while depending on their level of dedication and what I've noticed that they tend to drift back to running OS 10 on them and then what's basically what they've done or what they've discovered what they report is that I can get their DVD player to work the 3d graphics doesn't result in strange artifacts the outside the boundaries of the x windows and other things that that that one typically happen on a Linux system even after this many years of development for it so that's the this really is easy if the appeal of Mac OS 10 for for unix development so specific things that we'll talk about talk about the specific what tools are delivered we'll talk about their unique features to go into porting issues for bringing over new programs and then we'll go into how to mix it up with Xcode so you can have both the command line environment and an ID environment and have them work well together so Xcode Xcode Xcode Xcode Xcode yes that's our big thing but we it includes command line tools and since as the audience said they're primarily UNIX people is that's what we're going to talk about so what are their advantages there they're familiar it has been 30 years of productivity on UNIX original unix designers were pretty smart guys they understood about the composability of tools throughout a specific example and everybody Snickers but but the units guys knows that that these kind of things come up on a daily basis and take an example of you have two files you have there some references to a function that a bug report is mentioned and you need to find the references but these are very large files and disk reppin for who got the entire files there's too many of them they take a diff between two versions as a file and then you grep that for these couple of function names and this is something that that unique people do on a daily basis that's almost a on-the-fly scripting kind of process and it's very powerful the UNIX world also because of the time it's been around has developed a large number of tools that that are already out there already in use so we want to be able to take advantage of that very large body of tools told me these things were difficult ok so the terminal program is the basic way you get to it and I'm not even going to ask I'm sure everybody has used the terminal program here so the but we have to show you a screenshot for it so I have to apologize for the graphics the because you have to get to the terminal program by clicking somewhere another and so it's under applications utilities down there down near the bottom the 'true terminal aficionado so put this copy in the dock where it belongs so so the terminal program it opens up multiple windows each window runs a separate shell and you have quite a few configurability options you have a lot of the same kind of options you would see in something like an xterm you can set the character codes you can set the colors of the screens do all that kind of stuff you also have some options that you won't necessarily see in an X term for instance set the transparency of the terminal windows and it's an interesting thing to see how that comes out style lights because some people prints they find that very cluttered and my personal terminal intend to be opaque other people they like actually bill to see what's happening in the terminal windows that are built in front and in back and so they'll set all the windows to about fifty percent the transparency and then you can see everything that's going on and then you have to the the trick of figuring out which which is the character of streaming buyer from the front window and which ones are in the back window so in Panther we also include a server menu which basically gives you a shortcut to the various sshs and RF h's and so forth that you might want to do to run to two other machines so that's going to be a very handy feature okay so let us recite the catechism so it's a Emacs week at it this is our code review process being truly studly programmers we don't bother with headers or declarations or any of that kind of stuff we compile it with with CC we run we add a dash G because we like the debug and we run it and we run the dot slash so that we pick up our a dot out not somebody else's like the virus and prints out hello but we like to debug her a lot and so we're going to run the debugger on this anyway and so we say fire up the debugger with fire gb we say break main we run it and we can step and it still prints hello and all that kind of stuff so we're actually done now this is everything you need to know for programming nobody's getting up okay you know that everybody's falling asleep I see a couple hands falling backwards already I appreciate everybody coming out this early in the morning you know it so I understand that it's a real sacrifice okay for shells we would you offer a variety of shells the people use different shells because they have different scripting language different uses usage characteristics so for normal interactive usage we have tcsh improved seashell has history and other good stuff in it and we have also the v sh and mostly because jordan hubbard like that i'm told and then we have the bash which is the new project re implementation of the bourne shell to bash being short for the born-again shell haha so batch also has the advantage that it's a fairly fast version of bin sh now for editors we offer emacs the one true editor emacs is highly customizable it has its own programming language so probably the most widespread use of lists of lists perhaps even surpassing AutoCAD and it's used for quite a lot of different things that people have built newsreaders and actually built IDEs with emacs quite a few different kinds of uses for the customization the Jaguar standard version is 21.1 the Panther standard version is we expect to be 21.2 you can also get X 11 and carbon versions the one that's built in a system is kind of a basic TTYL type emacs but we do have X 11 and carbon versions available as well now because we value diversity hey we also offer VI oh this is bed I got tough audience here okay well well I have I have a good story for V Eisen and well VI actually last regularly used VI just about 20 years ago and I used it for about a year or so and this is back in the days of bsd 4.1 they may remember bsd 4.1 okay it's very few clapping okay well it was a long time ago anyway so I used VI for about a year and and really never used too much after that I went a university environment everybody Max and I kind of went along with the crowd and made the transition but when I came back to apple and VI would show up from time to time like when you're checking into CVS and after not using it for 20 years I still remembered the command I just like they I didn't know where they came but I just type the commands right away so so that's the that's really a point in its favor I'm not sure anybody would remember all the Emacs commands after that length of time now in Panther we've upgraded to them short for improved VI and has the more because customization in configuration and some people actually think it's too big but that's okay now we also have a number of other editors we have Kiko we have said we have ed and then for the real real programmers we have cat now how many people have actually written programs using just cat yep how many people written a thousand line program using cat yeah nobody's raising their hands now so for language options we provide the thieves of course we provide both c90 and see 99 some people call it see aging I'm but that's wrong it's actually c90 and we do have see 99 and Panther we actually provide the library that goes with it so you now have something resembling a complete c99 solution we have the C++ we have objective-c of course and we have objective c plus plus which is essentially a combination it's C++ extended with Objective C features we offer both the 1.3 and 1.4 versions of Java we also have an assortment of scripting languages you get parole tickle PHP Python and Ruby and so it's we also have third parties that we have things like metro works AB soft nag and so forth you can also download additional languages for instance g77 for fortran the nap for ADA you got to get at guys here this time yeah there is okay yes we have we have these nut cases that have actually gotten they have gotten ADA running on running on Mac OS 10 and it really works and there's actually people doing useful work with it we offer list so you can or Atari you can download lips and quite a variety of other languages so for build tools there's basically three major options you knew make as a standard and it's just the standard the usual you do make the when you say make that's the one you get for people that need compatibility with VSD make and you know who you are we have bsd make we don't recommend it however for anything beyond what's required strictly for compatibility its features are somewhat different from what most people are used to and then finally we have PV build which is used by Xcode projects and essentially the command-line interface to Xcode this is actually very useful in a mixed environment because you can have somebody that works in the xcode IDE build up their project add files and so forth and then if you say RSS a-qing in from somewhere else you can type TV build and build the same project we of course have the usual collection of standard UNIX tools the collection is most similar to what you'll find in freebsd we have the CVS rtca our CFOs ccs the trough and all of its little friends the compiler generators weed bison and its friends the various object tool working programs and of the programming tools in general the total comes out to about 400 or so scattered across bin and user bin now if that's not enough we also have a ports manager and the port's manager they say allows you to add to the collection dynamically not unlike software update so the mechanism that we're currently using in Panther are going to be using in Panther is called Darwin ports and similar to the Fink and the freebsd ports packages fact just a couple days ago they think and Darwin ports guys have actually started talking about a way to integrate their two activities about 400 ports have been done in Darwin ports to date and it offers both command line and gooey interfaces so a command line interfaces port and there's various commands statue extract etc what it does to download the sources builds it and installed it so to actually get a look at how this works in practice we have sean fagan is going to give a demo from my name is sean fagan and I do as I tell people I do eunuchs Estep all right first I was going to show you wrong one thank you I was going to show you the porch manager application which is the GUI and there it is as you can see i use the command line to lunch gooeys because i prefer the command line the ports manager application is in applications utilities on Panther and the first time you run it it'll tell you it hasn't been installed you want to install it you of course say yes it'll ask you for the admin password and it'll download build stuff configure it and then you end up with this and here are all of the utilities all the categories and as you can see they're quite a few well there are but again I like the terminal so I was going to show you a simple utility for all those people who need to speak Swedish okay I've already stretched it because the with everybody thousands of people using the network here at get clients gets kind of bogged down so the next part is just to build it wow that was easy is the fast machine next part is to install it also installed rehashed because there's of TSH and there's the message of the day in Swedish wow that was easy the other thing I like about our own port is can do this it has by during the package man it has created an installable bundle I double click it it will run the standard installation program but it's already installed so I went through that now the other thing I wanted to show you was one of the most useful aspects of the Darwins port system is actually you can use it not only to install tools and utilities and libraries and whatnot that you need but you can also use it to as a basis to figure out what to do for your own ports and I had a couple of ports here let's see that it has an end of it okay thank you come on out of that display yeah how about that DJ how's that yeah yeah how's that better yes bigger 64 oh wow okay all right sexy right here this is a sport called open PSP the port file file called portal has everything about it and their description and the part I wanted to show you was the stuff Marco's configure and that is a series of commands that are run after the configure stage in the process and as you can see this is an example someone had a sharp pragma implementation in their source and you don't really want to have it so that's an example something you might need to do it's very long the other example was the consensus cake the other thing as a in case it wasn't obvious from that the Darwin ports by default install things and use a deport and then for those of you who are familiar with the freebsd court systems the structure will be very familiar except that it uses a port file instead of a make file and here and on all those configure argh I've actually run into I've actually run into a couple places where I needed to use the XDM library and I found that it was easier is easiest to just a grep through the port files in the Darwin port figure out the configure arts they needed and I wanted to show you one last thing as it is okay one thing that the court mechanism has that the freebsd ports mechanism doesn't have is variant and they're marked by this variant command as you can see in the middle of the screen there this one is how you would build the carbonized version of a Mac and I had one thought about building it and running it off of my little USB key fob which you can do is it builds will actually build a bundle but my little key fob is only 128 megabytes in emacs won't fit on it there you go well thank ya one last thing there will be more discussion about Darwin court at the open source session which is fashion 10 to a 1030 ok [Applause] now thanks Shawn and I think I hope that some of you will actually volunteer to add more stuff to the Darwin port get the next ok so I'm going to use a moment and talk about AP is the fundamental API we have for 40 s tennis is POSIX posix is we don't have a total complete every lat last detail passes the conformance test POSIX what would you have is essentially as much positive as just about everybody cares about so if you find anything that's not conforming and we want to hear about that because that means there's at least one person that cares about that little bit of POSIX we also have OpenGL and glut4 interface we have carbon and cocoa for gooeys which you there's a number of sessions going into the details of those api's for doing drivers and kernel extensions we have something called I oak it unfortunately this is new to you you're out of luck because the i/o kit session was yesterday but you certainly find out about it an online documentation and so forth and I okay it is interesting because it's a c++ framework that allows you to write drivers without actually recreating everything that is required for drivers which uses inheritance and if you've ever tried to write a linux device driver or just read the book on linux device drivers and appreciate it how much of an advantage that is we Panther x11 is integrated with the system so yes it is one of the big demanded features that from Jaguar silly-ass owed so that's good to have we also provide ipv6 via the GF network API and this is such an important API that actually has its own session on Friday so if you're interested in that and go to the session where is this some more details about specific API things that are doing Panther we have pull we have dlopen oh come on this is another one of the most requested features in Jaguar yes dlopen and its friends we also have a number of new libraries the lib XML we have a wide wide care library 4c 99 that I referred to we have a couple libraries for internationalization as well again the general in general the API will resemble what you see in freebsd five-point oh I have to talk a little bit about frameworks because that's something that is unique to OS 10 and a framework is essentially a shared library okay will often use the term die lib to refer to the single file that is the shared library proper but the way a framework is structured is that it packages up the guy lives and the resources and the headers all into a single place and this is basically a little bit more sophisticated design than you'll see in a something like a standard UNIX type system where the resources are who knows where and the headers are mooshed into user include along with everything else so the framework packages it all up gives it a places you can see down at the bottom of the example where you can essentially have a separate file for each language that you wish to translate the strings that are used in that framework now use the frameworks just say include food / food for framework name foo to link it you add a dash framework and then the name of the framework most of the supplied frameworks you'll find in slack system / library / frameworks and if you look in there there's 40 50 60 it's actually quite a few quick time is a framework our carbon the whole of carbon is a single framework and so forth now if you want to add your own framework you can drop them into the system library frameworks or you can put it in your own place and then direct the compiler to find them using dash capital f and this is a again an option that is that is unique to Apple version of the compiler and that will it worked a lot like dash capital I for finding as adding a place for finding include files now the traditional UNIX e-type header still live in user include so you'll see that sometimes there's a little bit of a confusing situation because we'll talk about a system framework and system framework is ntr term for what would be called lid see and in Linux land but the headers are still kept in user include because if they were actually under system library frameworks no one would ever be able to find them so the most important thing to know about the compilers compiler is gtc so I think I think everybody knows that by now a couple years ago it's a little bit more of a less well-known so all the usual GCC options work now we also have a number of additional compiler options and there's actually a whole session that goes into detail on this there's a couple that are especially interesting for you to exporting one of them is dash F altivec to enables altivec types and built-in functions it is more powerful and slightly different in behavior than the dash mne altivec that is an FS fgt see the details are more complicated that I can get into here find me afterwards if you want to talk about it in depth we also have an option that's called dash mne dynamic no pic that recommended for applications and norm the normal mode of code generation 4g to generate relocatable code that is by default everything you have you build can go into a shared libraries it can be relocated around the memory space but the code for this is not quite as efficient as it could be and so for an application which is not going to be relocated you can say dash m dynamic no pic get a little bit more efficient code but at the same time still get to relocatable dilute now to build libraries you have the traditional mechanism to build as lib foooo use AR to build a library use ran lib to build the table of contents there's a little bit different than else and else you don't need to run the ran lid step and so sometimes programs that you're porting over won't actually arranged for the ran lid step and you have to add that yourself to build the dynamic library you use CC dash dynamic lib now most of time you won't actually need to supply that argument yourself because if you use libtool libtool already knows about all this and the versions of libtool that are out in the world already have the necessary OS 10 support it's possible that you'll run into an older program that has an older copy of lib tool that's been sucked into it and those case you'll need to update the lib tool in the package so to keep track of versions there's kind of a two there's two really two layers of the system the lower layer system was called Darwin it consists of the open source code there's no framework the framework support is there but there's no framework that are normally shipped with as part of Darwin there's also no doing so Darla is a real bare-bones eunuch system the tool software version SW vers reports the OS 10 verse and that's going to be a 10 to six or 10 3 or what have you the you named a shave another unix command reports the darwin version which is looks a little bit different and it's changed somewhat over the fence 10.0 and so I get provide here a handy little chart of exactly what happened to it so the main thing to keep in mind is that a 10 point X you add 4 and you get the get the Darwin the major Darwin version numbers very quickly that's right okay pardon oh okay so okay yeah so the the the most unusual thing about this is that the Darwin numbering scheme changed partway through 10.1 so I see that 10.1 oh is 1.4 and then we change it to be a more consistent numbering scheme and well I won't explain why it's more consistent it just is it it corresponds if you see if you look in the about box in OS 10 you'll see down the bottom it says the number like 7a 179 and the 7 is actually where the Darwin version number comes from but it ties in the parts of apples internal process now most of the time programs these days are actually most of time but a large number of programs these days use the new configure and make and those programs will almost always just work they once in awhile it actually was more true last year than it was this year that config guess and config dot subscripts which eventually tell you what kind of machine you're on they they needed to be updated that's much less commonly true nowadays now we do recommend that if you have to have some kind of test for system specific features that don't try to rely on the predefined macros we have those there's a double underscore Apple there is a double underscore Apple CC for a compiler version there's a double underscore mock and so forth in practice it's hard to come up with exactly the right combination of those that refers to a specific version of Mac OS 10 so in general we want you to look at look at features test for features instead and if you want to actually set up a whole bunch of code that if TF 40 s ken specifically define your own preprocessor flag mac OS x and set that up with a dash D and in the make file and so a configure script adds the HD mac OS x and on your code test if there's mac OS x that basically gives you more control and it also means you're not as subject to minor changes that might happen from one compiler or 10 s revision to the next now according an interface despite the command line focus we know that there's quite a few little gooeys of one sort or another on unix tools the curses just works we use the ncurses library it's very standard if you link against that is unlikely you'll run into any difficulties we have we have versions of tickle TK and QT max that are adapted for aqua and in fact saw a demo of QT Mac yesterday with the spinning gears in all x11 just works at x11 applications will actually auto launch the server so users that may not even be aware that they are running an xserve er behind the scenes open glut OpenGL and glut are standard standard libraries you will have to translate any include of gah the under on a unix system it'll typically be written as g l / gah but we have an opengl framework so called and so we say include opengl / gah so just briefly to go over some of the common problems that people run into the first is the cpp pre comp now cpp pre comp is gone from 3.3 so this is as much historical as anything else the 3.1 compiler would use cpp pre comp which is very useful for things like cocoa but unix porch generally don't have large enough header so they don't use large enough headers to actually need precompiled headers so it kind of waste of time and CP pre comp did have some areas where it wasn't entirely consistent with the normal new preprocessor and so the usual advice is to add an o cpp pre comp it's still good advice 3.3 we'll just ignore the note cpp pre comp there are some missing declarations and functions also last year there was a bunch of easy examples 2.2 but all the ones I knew have had been fixed for Panther so there's nothing to point to any more but I'm sure I still some that are out there you may also run into duplicate definitions that is the system framework will have things like get up will be compiled into it and your program may it may also link and get off its own version getopt and then you'll get complaints now on a on a Linux system the it will just note that there is a duplicate definition and we'll go on and the OS 10 link will actually complain it will say up multiple eda find you know that this is an error and we do this because this is a ties back into the mac world where multiple definitions of symbols were hard errors so the way to deal with this is to add a dash multiple eda find suppressed and this is something that's a it's a linker option but you can hand it in that in this form to the compiler okay they told me this was a squirrely so another less common problems you might run into p thread functionality soompi thread functionality is missing even in panther there's you can run into namespace conflicts and this has always been a concern also in practice it doesn't seem to happen that often and there's an option called two-level namespace which is way too complicated to go into here just read the linker man page and it has all the gory details as I mentioned earlier this is this actually happens a fair amount so it's really not a left common problem is to remember to run ran lib that's pretty straightforward you'd have to remember to do it or add it into the make file another thing that as a few people have bumped into is that the end cursor is a separate live library in Jaguar and later and previously was included in the system framework and so you basically if you want a program that will run in both pre jaguar and post jaguar systems you'll have to build them slightly differently because the lives of library no longer being incorporated as part of the system framework now most of the time for porting you want to use autocom auto comp is normally automatically used in canoe can type configure script and it's really the best way to test for OS features on the machine at your building on and it's basically the process and actually should have how many people are not familiar with auto cops okay basically auto comps will it's horrible horrible mishmash of scripts and macros and various kinds of trickery and the basic concept of our conf is pretty simple so it will build a tiny program for instance a tiny program that includes a unix H which is a non-standard header and and it will compile the small program and it will see if it errors out if it errors out it says no UNIX dot H not found then it sets a macro called have UNIX h and then is 0 so that it says this header has not been found and then you can use that in your sources a if if you have UNIX dot H then include unix dot h otherwise don't include it so it's a it's a very powerful mechanism and this is really the core of how a lot of these programs can be brought to a new system and just build the first time and we're lucky and that there's actually a book now in auto comp describing it in great detail written by the people that put a lot of it together but it has one fatal flaw which is that it tests the features of the machine you're building on so if you're running Jaguar and you want to build for panther or as i'm sure everybody's doing now it's all installation is going on all day yesterday everybody's running panther and they want to build for jaguar auto comps won't do the right thing it'll it'll build a program that'll work just fine where panther or may or may not work on jaguar so we provide an availability macros h and it's under user include and what this will do this will actually have a set of flag to set of definitions that are used in the OS 10 headers to say whether a particular feature is available in Jaguar Panther what have you and so they actually want to make those tests when you're using features that are not available in all versions of OS 10 so going to a few more caveats don't abuse root the personal machine sure why not step on stuff and user bin and improve the compiler overwrite the headers we really don't recommend this because you can easily get into a situation where the program builds on your machine or doesn't build on the machine of the person next to you in fact I ran into the fifth yesterday because I had some header files that I had not moved forward to a new installation so so be careful about this kind of thing use user local we have a full set of user local we keep our own hands off it so you can fill it up with your own things the macho object file format is actually a very different file format from a out or elf or any other format and one of the consequence there's no standard your new binutils port you often hear people that says well the first thing I need to do is build binutils on OS 10 and then I can continue with my work says well that's not going to get you very far so if there's anybody that wants to port binutils to mock oh you know it's a please see me afterwards so another thing to watch out for is white space and past names they get a standard installation you have a slash Macintosh space HD and if you forget to properly quote your file names bad things can happen back some of you may remember there was a bad thing that happened in something is an apple tool where somebody forgot the quoting so beware another thing that happens at least is often is hfs+ versus uff issues food Otzi's we've got big seas camel caps foo all these things are turned into the same file and this has some interesting and unfortunate consequences for instance if somebody has a CVS repository with files of the same name differing only in case and CVS just does not like that at all every time you do a check out every time you do an update it says oh this file already exists I've already checked out this file and then tries to overwrite it with file anyway very confused situation another consequence that I believe Shawn pointed out to me that I hadn't heard of before a lot of times people will have a file named install in all uppercase that's like to read me about how to install okay but they also have a make install action la aufs system make install what they Okla the install files air it's perfectly finished and done there's nothing to do so make install will has no effect okay couple words about the debugger there's a whole session on debugging later on so for the gory details Mac os10 debugger is EB currently based on the five point release 03 release of gdb from the episode it has a large number of extensions though there's some objective c stuff objective-c stuff is going at FSF gdb but it's not all there yet so we also have mas de por we have a framework support we have a number of additional commands again some of these are making it into FSF gdb but they're not all there yet now again there's another session with all the details on gtc so I'll just hit the high highlight the Jaguar system compiler is 3.1 we still have two point nine five point two and this is available this is used for compatibility 10.1 in particular if you're building text okay the 10.1 earlier cannot run a three point x compiled text also the reverse is true the Panther compiler is 3.3 and so it is so it's already sitting on your systems as I think Ted mentioned yesterday the even though the Xcode is still in preview states the 3.3 compiler is a GM compiler we've used it for quite a lot of stuff and in general it's it's been pretty good quality special features of 3.3 we got even more optimization you saw the spec numbers are getting better all the time we get to even better C++ conformant we have a new mechanism called PCH for precompiled headers so CP pre-comp is gone PFE is gone PCH is the only way to go so how do you deal with all these different GCC versions well we give them all different names so 2295 compilers always a user bin GC to the standard version 3 whatever standard is appropriate for the system is at GCC 3 and then we symlink CC and GCC to one or the other of these to flip back and forth if you want to it's very often convenient just to change the default so that the make files and folders don't have to know about this distinction you can use the script GCC select which is also unique to OS 10 and it's basically a labret script that will choose the compiler that is the default compiler it knows about setting up to the auxiliary program the headers and all that stuff since it's actually affecting user bin they do need to be route to run it do it yeah ok so i press it harder it makes it work better ok now bow dia gerfen will come up and give us a little demo of using the xcode ID with open source project using two different mode cool thank you very much Sam I'm afraid of this thing now well good morning how many of you guys yesterday went to the open sore the developer tools overview session just want to get an idea okay great well this morning I want to look at three different things related to our Xcode product I want to look at two ways that you can take your existing open source applications and bring them into the IDE I want to look at some benefits of each of these two ways and most importantly I want to give you a couple of examples because I want to show you what steps you can take as a UNIX developer as an open-source developer to actually start taking advantage of these of the IDE so to begin with two types of integration into the IDE the first type is you can keep your existing make file you can keep your make based build system you may have seen yesterday where Tony TV got on stage and talked about all the benefits of the dependency checking that the xcode IDE provides but if you're already have a project based on make perhaps you're doing you're working on an open source project with another group of people you don't want to lose all the work you've put into it you can continue to do that our IDE will not change your files it will support your make files and it just it adds another file in the directory that allows the IDE to keep track of files the other thing you can do is you can you can use xcode native build system and this is going to mean going through perhaps your make file today figuring out your targets figuring out some of the settings and changing settings in xcode so we're going to look at some examples of each of these so to begin with the benefits of keeping your existing make file and using it inside the xcode ide well obviously the big benefit is you already have it it's probably already working but why would you want to bring it into the IDE well there are some benefits you get a graphical IDE you get one of the really nice features that stand pointed out to me that he likes is the symbol indexing that you get through the IDE we have a nice batch find we have source control integration and of course the documentation is they're both API reference and conceptual docs and we didn't forget about your man page since you're coming into the IDE we still let you view the man pages through that these mr. mantis I like the man pictures I've spent a lot of time in them and I don't like Ross she bugged me every time I don't write what exactly so to begin with we're going to look at a demo of using an existing open source project that make face and I'm going to show you how to bring it into the xcode IDE just some simple steps obviously you know things are going to vary a little bit but to begin with I always got to start the app which I was smart enough to have running already in Xcode just choose new project and in this case we're using a make file so we're just going to choose an empty project and i'm going to call this one i pick something nice and big here subversion and I've got it here in my example source cool so you need to set a directory if you're if you're bringing an existing project in it's probably good to go just like I did go a directory up so my source code actually is in I'll show you where it is an example source there's my source code so i chose the source directory and then name the project subversion the same project name as my existing project that works with make so when you do this you just get we chose an empty project so we get pretty much an empty project window first thing you want to do is let's bring in our source code files so under the project menu we're going to add files and again i navigate to where my source files are got to go with column of you much better alright so I'm going to add these files in here it's going to take a little minute first we need to choose take the default options you do want to create groups for any added folders this will let X the Xcode ide go through all your source files add it to the index let you find all the symbols and I've got to wait a second here and boom we've got all our we've got our love files now you saw some of these things yesterday and I encourage you to go to the later sessions on the Xcode ide but you get a lot of benefits so I'm not going to go into a lot of detail on all the benefits you get I'm just trying to give you a starting ground for your your projects but you notice we have we can now search on we can choose the project here and search and we get the nice fast find we can go through everything we also get the more enhanced find where we could look for well I don't know main and we'll get down here under the find results we see all the all the occurrences of main and all our files so you get a lot of benefits there we also have let's stop that fine I mentioned the symbol lookup which is another nice feature so let's look in here under subversion it's a nice management system also you can see client command line I don't know let's take for example main notice this this pop-up right here excuse me it collects the symbols in that particular file so you can do a nice quick jump to get to the various symbols in your file we also have the documentation look up I mentioned the man pages and the regular documentation window so you get a lot of benefits just and you haven't changed anything you haven't changed all you've done is you've added in your source file all that we've done is we've added this the TV project there the rest of the things are just the same so if you have a group of people that some people want to use the IDE some people want to use command line it's okay and at Apple we do that our engineers are all over the map so I'm like the IDE some like the command that's the beauty of it so you can see here some basic benefits you get it I guess I should show you at building to prove that it actually build oh yeah because we got it forgot an important step here in our project we've got the files in the one thing we have to do to actually build it is add a new target and in this case we chose new target from the project menu and we're going to choose the appropriate Lane named can you make target and I'm going to call it something obvious like snake finish and let's see if this actually worked I'm going to open the build window so you can see what's going on behind the scenes here and I think I touched the file in there most of them are good we have one file I touched and so make goes ahead and redoes it and we were successful so very minimal work to bring your projects in that was yeah you saw it's pretty trivial all you need to do is make a new project an empty project is the best then you need to add your files in and then just add a new target a new make target so if we can go back to the slide so that's using an existing build style a make file with the Xcode IDE but what if you want to use the native build system maybe you sat in a couple sessions yesterday the keynote the development tools overview and you saw all those great features their list with a lot bigger than that list their list was more like this list what if you want to take advantage of the zero link the predictive compilation the distributed build system the code sense there's a lot of great features they showed you now some of those features are dependent on GCC 3.3 but all of them are dependent on the native build system of Xcode so what if you want to take advantage of those so again a quick example of that and if we go back to the demo machine thanks so in this case we've got I chose a much simpler project because pretty dang big project there we've got this little command line tool called our man and this is actually the tool we use inside Xcode item and paid the HTML man pages it's a very simple tool we only require one file to actually build it so take the examples here I understand your projects are probably going to be a little more complex again we're going to start with a new project this time we're going to do something a little different though we know what we want to end up with we know we want to end up with a command-line tool so I'm going to choose standard tool and same thing again our man i'm going to actually that file is already okay but i'm going to choose the directory where my project exists i'm going to give it the same name our man and you can see their volume to a sample source our man Oh template files already exists what's that you always got to have something fun in a demo alright so we end up with a project here now this one's a little different than the other project the other one was an empty project this one well actually let me debug show your love this one actually does something if we if we build it and excuse me this one if we build it and run it it's a simple hello world application now this isn't the application we wanted though this is just a template file when you use one of the template files in the xcode IDE it sticks a couple of basic files in there usually a header file a source file maybe a man page in this case since it was a command-line tool and it also sets up your build settings for you it adds it sets linker settings it sets the basic things you need for that type of project so first thing we got to do in this one is I'm going to show the target pain here and I'm going to remove this main dot C because that's not the file I want so I'm just going to uncheck it which removes it from this target and I'm going to drag in the file I want so our man dot C of course you could do it like we did before go to the project menu and add files but you know it is a Macintosh drag and drop works so we've added our source file and things should just work ho but life's not that good so if you look here under this is one of the features you get by using a native target you get the integrated error and warning reporting so over here on the left you can see if I'm point of the screen which you guys can't see over there on the list you can see the errors and warnings and you notice we have a couple of errors we have what five errors and we have a bunch of warnings we're not going to worry about the warnings right now it's at least we can get it to compile but what about those errors this is the kind of thing you're going to find if you're importing your projects into the xcode IDE you'll notice our errors are all about variables that are defined and if you look at it if you look in your source project I notice that a lot of these things are defined in my make file so for example we've got vol list and this is the call in excuse me let me make this bigger I realize you can't see it back there if I look in my make file and do a find I can see that yeah indeed they did set this variable in the make file so how do you get these kind of things into the xcode IDE this is a very important thing and this will help you get your projects into the IDE so we notice that there's a lot of things defined in the make file all you need to do let's go back to our source code all you need to do is go to this targets tab here choose the target when we made the template it automatically added a target a command line target one of the one of the features and Xcode is the IDE is that it uses the inspector a lot for a lot of your build settings so we selected the target and we're going to open the inspector take a look at it and we see general settings build setting some rules properties well this is a variable we want to pass in so under the build settings we're going to look at our current setting so I'm going to open this drawer and look at our current settings and here you see a nice nice thing that you might be familiar with we've got other cflags so in this case I could add in you know minus the and whatever that setting was or might there go and then over here I could maybe add a new variable definition I gotta get rid of this it's still scope there we go and we could add in whatever our whatever our setting was now I don't want to go through and make you sit here there was five of these I don't want to make you watch me type all that so I'm going to go ahead and cheat here for the sake of brevity and open up a pre one that I've already put all these options in and just to prove that there's nothing sneaky going on here we can take a look at that target again and again we open we look at the target we open the inspector we look I'm going to looking current settings if you want more details about all these different things in this drawer here the help has some information on it and also the sessions later on give you more details but if you look here I've set in the options that i needed having looked at the makefile I've added in some variable definitions and let's see if this just works now so we'll show the build log is that's slightly interesting and this is actually a nice feature here this button right here allows you to see what's going on we're not doing any magic here we're still running the same compiler that Stan talked about earlier this lets you see what's going on behind the scenes so if we build this guy who build succeeded beautiful so all I did was add it in those settings that i looked at in the make file and again you can you can take a look at it in the main project window and you can see here's our existing errors we no longer have any actual errors we've just got some warnings we can cruise around find things quickly so best to slide please you can see that there's a lot of benefits you can get by using Xcode native build system you saw how easy it was to bring your existing make files into Xcode and acquire some of the benefits there so I hope this gives you something to hang on to as you go into the other sessions and see and realize that as a UNIX developer as an open-source developer you can take advantage of our great Xcode ID so thanks very much [Applause] one of the things that should give you confidence about the mixed Xcode and and the command line setup is that is actually this is what Apple uses itself to build OS 10 OS 10 consists of some twelve thirteen hundred projects at which the colonel is just one and it uses the many of the projects are set up to be xcode projects but the the math bill that is the final build of the entire system is done with one very very large script that does a command line invocation of these projects over and over so another case where we we do in fact eat our own dog food a long time now we actually have a build sleep they're called of several several machines ranging eight to twenty machines just depends on on which group is doing what kind of build yeah so it's all distributed around it it is enough code I think I estimated one time I sort of did a back of the back of the envelope thing I came up with some 30 million lines of code in the system as a whole don't quote me on that as just that was just my personal estimate so is it it was enough code that sometimes the machines actually will be hit by alpha particles or something like that and interesting situations anyway so not to digress to instead just sum up as we see the Xcode is a complete tool environment are to being completed including a full set of command line tools and we have quite a few command-line tools of various levels of power shall we say the standard porting techniques are sufficient to resolve the API differences as they are we have a darwin port system that will ease the transition the you can either download the tools they are saying that we didn't really go into any depth is that you can also look to see how people have done Darwin ports to see what how other people have solved kinds of problems you might run into and finally we've seen how you could actually you is both the xcode ide and you can use the command line tools and they actually interoperate in a useful way so that's the content for more information we have the number of things online we have the eunuch sporting guides about porting the packaging software details of the compiler and debugging assembler and so forth we have a mock o runtime architecture book that's interesting for the true nerds we also have a technical note on the reporting of command line tools which has a lot of things I've been saying so if you like to be in printed form and I mentioned getting configs I guess and convicting heed to and this is the URL that actually takes you there to get the latest copy so additional we have some URLs to pick up stuff both the official apple's site developer apple com and the darwin pages we also have open darwin org which is where the darwin ports come from and then pink which is a sourceforge and then finally we have our contact addresses we have xcode feedbacks we have a large collection of mailing lists i'm on way too many of them myself so if you want to get hold of me personally that's one way to do it and then of course godfrey likes to put his email address he loves getting email so send them lot okay well that's that's it for me thank you very much [Applause] you