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title: WWDC2003 Session 500
framework: wwdc
role: article
path: wwdc/wwdc2003-500
---

# WWDC2003 Session 500

## Transcript

Kind: captions Language: en alright thank you very much and welcome to session 500 wireless directions it's truly amazing how much Wireless has permeated our lives since we introduced airport in 1999 in today's session we're going to hear from product marketing going over the current state of the union of where wireless's we're then going to look at several updates that have happened recently with Airport 3.1 and move into futures that will be integrating with Panthers so with that I would like to introduce Lars reader who is the product marketing manager for wireless technologies at thanks for coming today to the wireless direction session hope everyone's having a good show think it was a pretty amazing to be able to get one of those cameras I wish I could have one who'll India from a big chatter and I'm want to get on the video chat thing about three months or so ago I was asked to put some slides together to sort of capture what's happened over the course of the last year and wireless and extracts from that some of the trends or some key bits of information to pass along to you as developers that you might be able to use in your active wireless solutions that you're working on today or if you're sitting on the fence wondering whether or not you need to make the investment in Wireless will want to make the investment a wireless so the gentle nudge in the direction of of getting started with your solutions the flow of the presentation today is really to start talking about 80 2011 at a grander level if you will or more broadly then with the help of two of our studly wireless engineers Phil Kearney and Paul rokita will talk about some of the updates to airport extreme it all come back in and talk about Bluetooth and then at the very end I'll actually begin a discussion or a dialogue about where we could take wireless how we can get to the next level and some of the opportunities that lie within that and then time permitting well some questions and answers at the end and Flickr doesn't want to work before we actually get into anta 2011 I want to talk a little bit about the matrix the wired Wireless matrix this is a slide that we actually put up last year at the right of the developers conference to sort of really assist in clearly positioning the wireless technologies against they're wired counterparts and the context of the time it was done it was actually a very useful and important slide that there was a lot of sort of confusion particularly around Bluetooth at the time so with this simple slide we've actually done a lot for the industry to really focus folks into the right general areas this is also something that's permeated not beyond Apple there's folks other major players in the industry that have adopted similar positioning as well as organizations like the bluetooth sig or the special interest group which I'll come back to you talk about a little bit later the message here is actually fairly simple but it's extremely powerful and here really as a developer but we suggest or recommend is if you're working on a solution that requires a lot of networking or requires the transmission of large amounts of data over the air we really suggest that you gravitate towards 80 2011 if however you're thinking about more peripheral e oriented solutions to a computer or are not sending as much data over the air and that data tends to be very bursty in nature then bluetooth is probably more appropriate for you to use now back so let's jump into 802 11 beginning with airport extreme airport extreme is the third generation Airport product that we introduced this year just January that was very same facility to Macworld San Francisco and wandering around here today I've actually noticed quite a number of folks to have actually picked up an airport extreme enabled system which is really exciting to see and whether you know it or not you're part of a very special statistic which I'll come back to in a few minutes and having had actually those units there you're sure you've actually firsthand so felt the the power and the flexibility of the airport extreme product but I'm not sure if you're aware or not the actual design the roots of the design for airport extreme go all the way back to nineteen ninety nine when we built our first airport product at the time the design goals for that product were essentially to make it fast affordable and easy to use that was the mantra for the original Airport product and packaging that all together was a very successful wireless launch for us last year as we were looking at airport extreme and you know coming up with our design goals for this product we kept those three things at heart those were still part of the core aspects for airport extreme but we didn't stop there we actually went further we've talked to a lot of customers whether their consumers or institutions and captured from them their desires and their concerns as well so we added in two more elements to the design of the product one is compatibility this was a big message folks are telling us no matter where you go with wireless how are you taking it forward make sure you don't leave us behind who invested with you back in nineteen ninety nine when the first Airport products came out so compatibilities of important piece to the airport extreme solution the other is flexibility we heard time and time again for various folks different stories some that say you know my extreme network is great but I can't quite reach out to like the Far room in a house or across the pathway if you will to another building on a campus call or college campus organ heard folks talking about you know I've got a lot of base stations that are up and running I want to be able to dial back some of that power to prevent channel overlap we did that we provided those features in there as well we also heard from folks to says really you know would be nice if we could share some more resources that were available than to all the clients that run network so we provided USB printing as well there we go one of the biggest changes actually that we made to this product was under the hood in the transition from 802 11 be 280 to da livin g now if you remember or if you do a Google and go back to about a year ago today and look at some of the articles that were written it wasn't at all clear that folks believe that else we gotta live in G would even come close to being finished and the beginning of this year as we were shipping the first products out there were folks there writing the whole you know wait don't jump in just yet you don't know if your manufacturer of your product is going to leave you behind and actually get you up to the the final specification well as we helped in the last week and a half go to the 11g there's now a standard and we've also introduced a week after that last Thursday an airport 3.1 update that brings all of our users up to 80 to that 11 g compliancy in a free download so for those of you not as familiar with you to die 11g we really see this as our next generation high speed wireless protocol it's what's going to take us to the next level what it provides is 54 megabits per second speed so data rates up to 54 megabits per second which is nearly five times faster than the older airport products and this is actually kind of interesting is maybe something of cues for you as developers because now we're talking about bandwidth and data rates that will support more intensive media types into some interesting solutions that could come out of that it's go 11 g by its nature is also compatible with these ones in the same frequency band so it's available for use in all else in countries it's essentially platform agnostic it will work on a mac on a pc leave on the handheld so I want to talk a little bit about momentum in the 802 11 space I think this is sort of a key trend that's happened over the course of last year starting with we go the business if we look here at this chart receipt essentially from 2001 to 2002 roughly an eighteen percent growth in the revenue generated from 80 to dot 11 products this is actually quite phenomenal if you think about it this would have happened in a time when the technology industry serve on the slump if you will and some aspects of wireless as well we're struggling a little bit but here wireless LAN dia 211 was actually on the rise and last year 11.6 million 802 dot 11b clients were actually shipped out into the market this year it's looking even better so far the first quarter so through the end of March this year nearly 5 million products have been sold if that trend continues we're talking about 20 million products out there which is nearly doubling what we had last year the one thing you'll note on the the chart is how fast and how impactful the introduction of into del 11g was on the market in the course of three months seventeen percent of the units that were out there were able to 11g units this was before product was even sort of an i triple e standard levels if you will it's actually very phenomenal see up take that quickly you know new wireless protocol we're very bullish on a 02 that 11g we expect that to to continue although it's 11 b is also sort of the the mainstay the workhorse of the air to the living space so they tend to co-exist probably for the next couple of years before a total of Zanjeer serve becomes more dominant so the other area of momentum I wanted to talk about was just product momentum in general so historically L to the 11 has been something that has really been driven by the computing space whether it's a notebook or and in the case of our products desktops and that will probably continue to be the case for quite a while but one of the things we've seen over the course of the last year or so is new product categories coming online with 802 11 whether their handhelds or Wi-Fi phones or appliances that are as simple as allowing photographs to be sort of generated over a sort of picture frame type of a product or having wireless projectors so as developers you may think to yourselves well you know the computer space is kind of tight there's not a lot more hardware perspective I can do there is a lot of opportunity now to expand 80 2011 into new spaces and actually get development efforts going in different environments different product categories and we've ever done before let's talk a little bit about the macintosh user adoption we've sold over 2 million Airport products since the inception in 1999 and in the first quarter of this year was 150,000 as we heard in the keynote this morning it's actually 300,000 as of today which is pretty phenomenal numbers fact our Airport business is white-hot it's never been better we're nearly doubling our business every year there's a lot of momentum generated in people adopting wireless and going Wireless with their products this is another one of those slides that's actually very interesting is that special statistic I was talking about earlier if you take a look at all the attitude on 11b products sold of 11.6 million that I had in the previous slide will find that ten percent of those products souls were to mac users 802 11 g side eighteen percent this is pretty phenomenal this is actually very significant if you think about that the from a computer perspective our users make up the top five percent of the computing market we're talking about 10 and 18 percent adoption rate here so you're really seeing a user group that is very pro wireless willing to invest wireless willing to try out new solutions and actually get going and the wireless track so hopefully this is something for you to take away and really consider as you're working on your business plans for your solutions to really consider max first because it's the right user group to really get you going and then if you need to move on to another platform so the other thing I want to talk about is location which was with respect to 80 2011 up to the end of last year maybe just before that we talked about wireless locations it's always been through those traditional you know buckets it's the home I can browse the internet from my couch or I can have multiple systems in the home share a single connection to the internet in education I on yrl whole classroom and I allow kids to really be able to work where they feel most comfortable and be still be able to connect to the resources whether they're on a campus network or on the Internet if from the business perspective was about sort of extending the wired connection wirelessly to parts of their office environment that sort of been the traditional view of locations and something strange has happened something Wonderful's happen actually in the course of the last say six to eight months we're seeing more locations coming online that ever before in an interesting in different places we have cities this case the example is Paris this is an effort underway by the city government in Paris to Wi-Fi enable ideally I think the goal at the end is the entire city but starting with the metro lines so as you're coming in to work or going home you'll be able to get online aircraft the traditional you know verboten as far as any kind of wireless technology is concerned is now opening up 802 11 Lufthansa has announced that they will be putting 802 11 be access into their 747 aircraft so as I'm cruising over the Atlantic or Pacific whatever might be I can actually get wireless connectivity for thirty dollars and be able to be productive throughout the entire flight we see in New York verizon is unwired errands and providing hot spots for users throughout the city so if you're you know on your way to work in the mornings happen to stop at the donut shop you probably can get online just pay phone you're bored same goes for coffee shops and bookstores through operators like t-mobile which currently have about 2300 hotspots lit up in the US where you can actually get on and be able to communicate be connected so all these different pieces and the kind of Wohlers is all going what's going to happen with all this 802 11 stuff well firstly let's review the attitude l11 technologies so we have an 02 11 b which i mentioned before is really the the workhorse Freya 20 11 it has a majority of products out there it's actually gone through several generations on the radio sites in our seeing migration towards new and different types of product categories some with much more sensitive battery and power requirements and you would have in the computing environment it's also really the technology of choice of the standard of choice if you will for these public area hot spots since it'll ensures the broadest range of compatibility into the living g.fast is performing wireless and out the gates fastest adopting wireless technology that's out there really a lot of excitement around this the numbers are looking really good people are actually adopting it very quickly and we expect it to be the the next generation of wireless technology lets lift right out now finally we have added to that 11 a witch you know I was thinking about this last night how do you kind of explain this without you know you can't really sugarcoat it it hasn't moved much in fact analysts have told us that last year a grand total of 100,000 80 to the 11 8 products were sold so there's really not been a lot of growth during I think they really missed the compatibility message and that's really hurt them in that camp there's really not a lot of movement there so what are the takeaways from int result 11 first off business is good money is there to be made in this space it's clearly the case that there's an upward trend while the market is going down there are new product categories coming online so again if you're not particularly interested in joining in on the computing side of things there are opportunities to create work on solutions that sort of perfectly work around the computing environment that would take advantage of this technology there are more places to connect than ever before so now you can actually work on a solution and kind of be assured that more often than not when you go out throughout your area your users go throughout their day and wherever they sort of stop and pause for a moment they will be able to get online there's lots and lots of momentum so I would definitely encourage you to really think strongly and go forth into developing attitude out 11 solutions so from here I'm actually going to hand it over to Paul he's going to talk a little bit about the the actual updates we did to airport last week Thank You Lars thank you for that studly introduction I'll try to live up to the reputation there I want to talk a little bit about the software update that we've done and what we have planned for coming up into Panther and beyond as far as mentioned it was a year ago you're in a month ago last year when we first started talking about 80 to 11g and delivered that to you in January just software update in the spring and did a pretty significant software update just last week and is anybody everybody in here who is running wireless have you updated to 3.1 yet and not having troubles I hope so so good that that really helps the show Network and I'll talk a lot about some of that as we go through so I mentioned the 3.1 update the goals there were first of all compliance with the I Triple E spec but once we get into the software we can't just leave one thing going so we have to work on multiple things all at the same time and so we kind of took the top the top half dozen or so things that we heard back from customers and feedback that we got to try to to address some of those so with the with the draft specification that we released that we had in January there were some issues with performance and robustness so we address those airport extreme introduced this concept of a wdf switch the ability to extend your wireless network wirelessly so people were asking for that in large homes are especially in schools where you want to go from main campus to a remote classroom without having to run a wire across the parking lot or a baseball field WDS is ideal for that solution but my first implementation was somewhat complicated setup and generated a lot of questions so so we tried to address that the other thing that comes a lot from developers especially our request for SNMP support so SMP to get information about the network is statistics about the network so we incorporated corporated some of that in the firmware update and one thing that would come up every now and then that we felt like it would be a good thing to do is utf-8 character support so that's really helpful for our non-us friends who want to publish network names publish names of base stations using their native language and so we allow me to do that now and we'll show you some slides about that alerts we go through first was performance so one of the advantages of delivering a draft standard if you will is it allows us to get the product out into a real world situation and see how it's how it's really used how it's used beyond just the theoretical specifications that engineers like to talk about when you're in closed rooms so we saw a lot of usage patterns and scenarios and we address some of that the early on there were a couple of common myths that we wanted to dispel one was that a single 802 11 B client would drag the entire network down to 802 11 B speeds and we obviously didn't want that to happen the other thing that that people would say is that the base station next door base station down the hall those negative 2 11 B base station would again negatively impact the performance of your G base station and so we didn't want to do that either so a couple of technologies that that our card firmware vendor delivered to us is directly directed at improving that performance in this environment we have mixed vng clients and networks and lots of other interference so one is the technology called frame bursting and that's every vendor will call it something else some might call it nitro this or turbo dad it's just really the ability to take that amount of time that you have able to send data and in the case of a 2 3 11 g since you're sending it five times as fast you might as well just send more packets during that time so so that's kind of a frame bursting is and the other RT of CPS protection mechanisms and I always wonder what the translators are going to do with that but but basically that's again so you have a G base station your house your neighbor has a B base station than you and you don't know you don't know who your neighbor is suspected linksys because you network is called default or whatever but if you both happen to be if you both happen to be on the same channel you know you're going to be interfering and you don't want to go over to your neighbor but you probably could you probably just connect your neighbors base station and type in admin admin and reconfigure it for him for his protection but this protection mechanism is really just a way for the two base stations to to cooperate and better share the bandwidth so when our ji vay station wants to send some data they'll say wait a minute I'm going to send some data the VA station says okay go ahead and send it and then when it's done that things go back to normal the other is improving the robustness of the connection so again when 802 11 first came out he was highly controlled and it would be in these enterprise shops and everybody would coordinate what channels are being used and you wouldn't really have problems with interference but now that we're selling into more and more homes and classrooms and small offices well there's not any kind of integrated coordinated effort there's just no way to know what what the base station makes you what channel numbers are on what other kind of parameters they have so we added the ability to look for the best channel so when the base station starts up it's going to look around scan the network and say oh no operate today on channel 4 so that's just one of improvements to simplify your connections the other is kind of a more low-level thing that happens in the card firmware so as you know in this 2.4 gigahertz face there's it's unlicensed so there's a lot of devices that operate their 802 11 networks or one cordless phones or another video distribution system so if you're beaming satellite something from your living room to your bedroom all those things are going to interfere with the network so one to me so anyway so that the card level again we just look for sources of that interference when we see that going on we get tighten up some filters inside to better determine whether to accept or reject packets and that's going to have a little bit of impact on your performance so when that noise source of noise goes away then we go up to a faster speed and unfortunately in this particular software update we can't do that automatically we do some things automatically but you as administrator are you as a user will have to control whether to use this interference robust so if you've gotten a 3.1 software update you would notice in the admin utility there is a check box to turn it on and in the manufacture of the client software there's a menu item that says using reference robustness so looking at some of the bulletin board discussions over the past week there's a lot of confusion about when to use that when not to use that basically you shouldn't use that unless you really need to use that and how do you know when to use that it's kind of we don't know so you have to tell us but but generally if you if you think that you have this source of interference if for sure if you have some kind of like sort of a video distribution system where you're sending video around your house you'll almost certainly want to use it in that environment but in most other places you probably wouldn't so it's going to reduce your range it's going to reduce your throughput so don't turn it on unless you really need to but if you're in a place where you can't get to a network as well try to turn it on and see if that helps but just be aware of what that controls 4wds setup was the wireless distribution system so mission that was a little bit complicated to set up in our first release under the covers it's really very simple it's just that the base stations have to know the mac address the airport ID of all the other base stations that are participating in this network so in the first release you probably saw if we tried to set this up yourself if you have to go around to every day station pick it up turn it over find out what its MAC address is go into configure one of them enter the mac address the channel WEP key and everything and then go to the other one and do the same thing and then go to the other won't do the same thing and make sure that they were all coordinated so that they were all on the same channel all with the same web key and we thought well that's kind of silly because it's a patient Rahl there if the program can see them all if the network can see them all then why not just go ahead and configure them all for you so that's kind of what this panel does is two things one is that if you are connected to what is known as the main base station which is the base station that's connected to the internet come on you just configure that base station the little plus and minus buttons there off on the side do little scan so you can see the other base stations that are in the in the vicinity and you disarm it determine whether those are remote base stations or relay base stations a relay base station is something new that was added for this particular release which is you can go from your main base station which is connected to your internet connection to a real I base station to another real a magician so you can basically extend this WDS out as many levels as you would like they realize that every level of extension reduces your performance so we still recommend that you only do this for two or three or four base stations that's most but but this panel hopefully will allow a lot more people to more easily set it up as I mentioned when we first started talking about this feature we first really pictured it in these kind of class classroom environments where again there might be an on campus administrator who would configure everything set everything up but we found more and more users or customers who were just in large houses or house that was really long and they wanted internet connection in the front of the house and remote access through the to the backyard so more and more regular customers were using WDS and having trouble with it and we wanted to make that easy for them one of the other other handful of things here that people kept asking for is the ability to change the DHCP range so you know if you've been working with airport for a long time you know that we distribute address is in the 1001 range and behind some dsl routers and behind some other home network equipment that didn't work out so so we give you the ability now to set that deep if you range also the ability to set the multicast rate and again this is a source of confusion for a lot of people we read a lot of comments from people who say you know my network was slow so I bumped the multicast right up to 11 and why didn't Apple set this to 11 by default and and again that's just kind of a misunderstanding of what the multicast rate is for bumping it up in some applications is a good thing to do but you have to realize that when you do that you're also reducing range so don't just bump it to 11 arbitrarily but do that if you need to and again it depends on the usage in a typical home where you're just doing internet access web surfing reading your mail you would never have to do that if you want to stream video around your house you might want to experiment that but but again realize that it does have an inverse relationship to your range and finally these developers who are more asking for more expensive SNMP support so I published a myth that's up on the apple com you tell who the i key administrators are around here so that gives you some statistics about what clients are connected your base station and it statistics on the physical interfaces how much data is going through what kind of error rates are there and will eventually expose that through some tool with the admin utility but right now it's just available through SNMP and then the international character sport so this is something new and we've been wanting to do this for a while we've always had to worry about some compatibility issues but we just decided just kind of bite the bullet and go with it so I just 211 has this notion of what is a network name or what we call an SSID which is just the name that your network is known by and in this particular slide so we're showing home network which is the US version of that and then we're also showing home network which i think is the Korean version of that so the radio doesn't care the radio just cares there's 32 bytes of data that says what my network name is it's just how it gets presented in these kind of user interface elements where we have to decide whether it's how to show up in this case so we're standardizing on utf-8 everywhere just be aware if you do this that some PC clients and other clients may not be able to associate with your network until they also update to do this but that is an option and I think finally how many people here were at wireless we're using wireless at last year's WWDC and using wireless at wwc before that and wireless at wwt before that and so maybe these guys are the ones that are setting up these ibss networks so we talked about this for the past couple of years but they finally with airport extreme we differentiate now between an infrastructure Network so in this case home network which is kind of above the line or a computer computer network which is showing home network below the line so in these kind of environments where there are these mixture of infrastructure and ad hoc networks an airport extreme user can choose which one of those they want to associate with and in some cases you might want to to do that but I think before I go on just just a note about that so you know this is the first day of a big show and you probably had some good experiences and some not good experiences with the wireless network and just be aware there are a lot of people working on it working behind the scenes can make all that happen at one point this morning there were over 1,800 simultaneous users of the network so that's putting a big strain and stress on everything and in particular everybody in this room can help you can help with a bit of social engineering which is to first of all not do this yourself but more importantly if you see other people ask them not to do this which is do not create you not turn on internet sharing and use the same name as the show network and I just it helps no one and hurts almost everyone so so don't do that and likewise don't create the computer to computer network with the same name as a show network you know if you want to do that do it with your own name or do it with your machine name because there's a guy over here on the side and you can hold up your little device there who will come find you so so we found a few people to this morning already so that's right so no one feel looking for you so it just beware and again so this is a couple things here one is international characters that one is the other is this differentiation between infrastructure networks and computer computer networks and this is the interference robustness menu item that I was talking about so with that well with the one more thing one more thing is the windows admin support so we had a windows admin utility that worked for the original snow base station and now we've updated the windows admin utility for the extreme base station so very similar to to the max utility in its usage and again just that's up on our website haunting it's not on CD but if you go to apple.com / airport you will eventually find your way to it and the last thing since all of your developers here what you're most interested in is what kind of opportunities there are for 802 11 we've talked about API is off and on through the years and we're starting to expose some of those AP is and we have available now under NDA if you want to do anything that adds value to the client support like turning power on and off looking for wireless networks choosing wireless networks getting status information we have some api's are available for that which after we go through DTS so just send a note to DTS at apple com and tell them what you want to do and why I think this API to be useful to you and we'll see about getting it to and with that I'll introduce still carting it's going to talk a little bit about airport security and some of the other things we have planned for the next few months thanks very much [Applause] how's it going I seem to be always running up and down the halls of Apple muttering all these acronyms and things and they said hey nobody understands what you're talking about so why don't you explain it to us and explain it to the developers because this stuff is coming down the pike and it would be good if everybody knows about it because there are some assumptions that sometimes people make in their networking applications that you can't make when people secure the network so the first thing I'm going to talk about is something that is near and dear to everybody's hearts who does i.t and wants to actually secure their network and that's 802 dot1x 802 dot1x is an i triple e standard for layer to network security what that means is you can in a wireless access point but also on a wireless network you can do authentication on that network before the person is allowed to access network resources basically what 802 dot1x says is that restricting physical access to the medium is not sufficient for security so any of you have worked in the DoD or any other government sites know that they've had 802 dot1x on their wired networks for a long time and 802 dot1x has become the basis for the new security infrastructure of wireless networks that I'll talk about in a little bit as you can see here if you run your Panther CD you will find an 802 dot1x supplicant as part of internet connect one of the tabs that you'll see as they go to don't want X and you can do your configuration either for a wireless the wire lot of the airport interface or else for the wired network we encourage you to try it out we've tried it out against service from fonk Microsoft Cisco on others and it works for us but we really would like your feedback on what works and what doesn't work so that by the time we should Panther we have a really good 802 dot1x up looking in there that everybody is happy about as you can see doing a tour to that 1x authentication you enter in what port you're doing your username password or if you're doing a an EAP type EAP is the extensible authentication protocol which is used in concert with 80 to that 1x for what type of security you're doing the supplicant that's in Panther supports ttls TLS lead to peep in md5 if you don't know what those are and want to know what they are you can go look on the web or come find me sometime during this week and in my ear and I'll explain them in excruciating detail so whoever wants to understand each one for any of the authentication types that don't use passwords stuff like TLS there's full support keychain support for digital certificates and stuff in there so again I wholeheartedly encourage all of you to try it and send us feedback and let us know how it works for it that leads me into a thing that we call WPA what is wpa well I call it strong a strong interoperable replacement for web now everybody here who's familiar with wireless should know what weapons web stands for wired equivalency privacy it's the security and I use that term loosely that's on your wireless network today the problem with WEP is it was originally used just secure the radio link at a time when the only place that they had wireless networking was on like machine shop floors and things like that and people weren't actually using it for data the problems are you know uses 64-bit shared keys with only a 24-bit initialization vector this means that either keys you know as you've read all the horror stories you know the keys are easily recovered there's no forgery protection there's no replay protection the same key is shared by everybody using that access point so once the key is correct they have access to everybody's network traffic that's on that base station or access point so an industry consortium called the Wi-Fi alliance or Wi-Fi which is where the term Wi-Fi wireless fidelity comes from they got together and said okay what we want to do is we want to try and make things more secure we need a software firmware fix for existing devices out there that's crossed vendor compatible and operate from the enterprise the home everywhere and can solve all these problems so they came up with this thing called WPA or Wi-Fi Protected access it's actually a subset of 802 11 I i know there's every letter in the alphabet for 802 11 and sorry to keep them straight but again if you want to come talk about all of them more than happy to the difference is with wpa improved data encryption and says T kept their in parentheses basically what that means is instead of a 24-bit it uses a 48-bit initialisation vector now 22 the 48 is a big number you know that's like over 500 trillion so it's a really good place to start when doing your encryption it has user based authentication so in enterprise and Soho situations use 802 dot1x of the AP and you authenticate every user before they get access to the access point and people who don't have authentication can't get on the access point it uses key Kip which is the temporal key integrity protocol to make per packet keys so unlike the static key that's in web it's generating new keys all the time so every time it feels like well things might be getting a little bit insecure here because there's about you know 20,000 packets or less maybe we'll change the key all this 802 dot1x stuff is all radius based so if you have radius servers you can hook them up to whatever directory system you want and it'll all just work right I'm testing that I've done with wpa has been wonderful if you have any questions about WPA you know because I know there were a lot of people who are familiar in the wireless industry saying hey when is Apple going to make a wpa announcement well there you go Panther will include WPA support when it ships by the end of the year whenever Panther ships beyond that is 802 11 I which is the future of wireless security 802 WPA or Wi-Fi Protected access is actually a subset of 802 11 that they brought the pieces in that they need for legacy equipment I'm 802 11 I is going to be an i triple e standard but it's not likely to be ratified before 2004 the folks in Wi-Fi decided they couldn't wait till 2004 with everybody yelling and screaming that their networks were insecure so we've taken all the pieces for those that didn't know Apple as a member of the Wi-Fi Alliance we've taken all those pieces that are there for legacy equipment to make sure that everybody could have good interoperable security in the home in the home there's a mode of wpa called pre-shared key which is 400 million times more secure than web and for the enterprise you can use 8021 X with EAP Wi-Fi is currently investigating a thing called wpa2 or Wi-Fi Protected access to which replaces the rc4 algorithm with aes we don't know if we're going to get there before 802 11 I is ratified simply for two reasons you know currently with wpa we do the best possible fix that we can to minimize performance degradation on existing equipment and as everybody knows AES requires a little more computing resources unless there is a flaw found in another flaw found in this implementation of our c4 or in one of the other pieces of wpa like T Kippur Mike they're probably not going to do wpa and wpa2 anytime soon so you know I'm just here to tell you don't worry we're tracking all the security we're tracking all the standards we're implementing all the standards for you it's going to be part of Panther there are developer opportunities if you want to put this stuff into legacy operating systems I would encourage you to do so there's a big push for people who have macs in the enterprise to be able to support this stuff and I think it's a lot of fun with that I'll turn it back over to large Raider and he's going to talk about Bluetooth love my proximity detectors alright let's transition out of wireless you can that move over to wireless USB which is what we refer to as bluetooth bluetooth for us is really the peripheral solution of choice it's the way to unwire the the peripherals that connect to your computer and it does so in a way that's actually very powerful I'll kind of go through some of that it's very simple to use we've made it very simple to use for a user to be able to connect to have a device there's security built into Bluetooth as well so you can have an encrypted connection between the two devices 128-bit encryption encryption there's also the concept of pairing so as an application developer you can decide what is appropriate for whatever the task is the user is doing you can you can limit what the user can actually communicate with and actually force a trusted connection between the computer and the other device so you have a lot of flexibility there on the security side Bluetooth is also extremely versatile you have a core specification and around that and sort of what fans out from that are various profiles and essentially the profiles sort of mapped to different types of devices and allows you to unwire various types of peripherals around your computer and the connections are also very reliable at the radio level you can always make a connection as always it's always very reliable there's no real issue there as far as that goes so these all sort of contribute to a very good user experience around bluetooth now as far as our development is concerned you probably remember from last year when we first introduced bluetooth is part of Jaguar we introduced profiles that supported cereal so basically a serial cable virtual cable type of replacement object push dial-up networking and synchronization and things that we've added in to additional profiles FTP and hid support as well now I'm not actually going to go into those in detail here but I would encourage you if you're all interested in this too you join in the session tomorrow morning where they're going to talk about Bluetooth in much more detail you got a couple of guys from the Bluetooth team and engineering sides really dive down a lot i tail what I want to focus on instead is talking a little bit about we're losing this come and kind of where we are today how we're moving forward essentially if we look at there we go we look at the years from 98 to about 2002 those are really the early adopter phase of the early years if you will well there were fewer units sold last year there's 20 million units shipped out into the markets that was a little bit momentum there at the very end but not a lot of initial movement the solutions themselves were mainly external in nature and some integrated the integration coming primarily on the mobile phone side of things and from a software perspective the connections were pretty basic so while the connections that the radio level were pretty reliable I think are still cutting our Keith on you I in general so for any of you who have actually played around Bluetooth from those years you probably remember a lot of fiddling around and throwing switches and levers to actually get a phone to talk to a headset or a handheld to talk to a phone to get to the internet exciter and also in this time frame there was a lot of ups and downs in terms of where Bluetooth was going the original objective was to be a cable replacement technology the premier wireless cable replacement technology and that was all fine and good and somewhere in there was a bunch of folks that came on board at the special interest group level decided to move into networking as well and thereby causing sort of this confusion around you know what is the right thing that mean is it Bluetooth of networking technology or the cable replacement that's one of the reasons why we put up that matrix slide which is the first one I showed you to sort of help clarify some of that if we fast-forward or come to this year essentially what we're seeing is we're seeing some momentum now in the number of units being shipped probably not mainstream yet but we're getting really close to sort of crossing that chasm and again to the point where we're going to bluetooth and more more more types of devices the small hardware perspective it's much more integrated now from a solutions perspective and less external less external dongles are connecting into devices the UI we sort of figure that out now I think generally speaking and it's much easier now much better integration across the different devices in terms of the user being able to engage as find bluetooth within whatever it is they're doing and networking thank God is gone as far as Bluetooth is concerned it's strictly a cable replacement technology which is what it should be now if we project forward to next year we're in a position to really dramatically increase the number of units that are going to ship out into the market will most likely see only integrated solutions that maybe onesies and twosies in terms of form or externally plug-in type of solutions but the main transition I think we're going to see where we need to see this is kind of where you guys will come into play for any of the application developers that are out there so we need to achieve a level of transparency in wireless that allows the user to sort of engage with Bluetooth at the task level within the application so I wanted to sort of talk a little bit about custom of our design goals and show you some examples of that from a Bluetooth perspective we set out to really make Bluetooth and easy elegant useful solution for the user I think we've done a pretty good job what we we've done is provided a bluetooth menu extra so this is something we're basically stealing a page of the airport book and providing a one-click access for the user to the most important Bluetooth features that they need be it on/off discoverability and being able seven other device this makes it much easier for a user to actually approach and engage with Bluetooth we also added in a setup assistant so one of the things that the Bluetooth special interest group still is in the process of figuring out is how to make the overall pairing experience easier to use and that's something that will take a little bit longer as these be sort of larger bodies you know take their time of sort of sort through that kind of stuff and in the interim what we've provided it is a very easy way for user to be able to set up a connection between a computer and a peripheral device essentially we've done is we've broken up this series of steps into a much more digestible pieces for the user to be able to go through and work their way through the process it has been tremendously helpful for them to get started and get going the other thing that we've provided which is actually also very useful for the user from the user experience perspective is device filtering so if you were to go out there and search for devices say you know you've got an application where you want to send a message out and you want to be able to do it through a phone that you can actually filter by the type of device and the user is only exposed to the things they really need to choose from you don't see other types of devices pop up on the list this is particularly useful at larger conferences granted this is sort of extreme but last week I was at the Bluetooth Congress and you do a discovery there and you come back with 75 devices if you don't filter which is which is a bit extreme for user have to go through and find the right one we've also built Bluetooth in to the hardware starting with the 12 and 17 inch powerbook switch are introduced in January and shortly thereafter introduced models of the imac and Power Mac where you can get bluetooth as well so we're very bullish on Bluetooth as a technology to really unwire your desktop or may travel yeah mobility perspective to be able to unwire the cables that you know you don't really have to take with you when you're traveling so now I want to talk or show you actually some examples of Bluetooth solutions that are out there from a synchronization perspective messaging remote control and basically turning your mobile phone into a modem and one of the things you'll notice as we walk through these sort of the common denominator across all the examples is the level of transparency that exists so that the user is removed from the complexity of Bluetooth and is really just thinking about the tasks that they're working with the first one is I think so i think is the application that we developed last year which allows you to take your most important information with you be a calendar or contact information kind of where it kind of follows you around wherever you go across the different types of devices you would carry with you one of the main sort of benefits of this is being able to send your contacts back and forth from a computer to a mobile phone and transport for that is primarily bluetooth now if you look actually at this example of the screen and the user all I really do is worry about checking the phone selecting the phone and pushing the sync button there's no bluetooth engagement beyond that we've actually built that into the setup process so that when you actually set the mobile phone you can opt to have synchronizations part of that it is the address book this is actually a really fun application from a Bluetooth perspective if you haven't used it I urge you to try it it's really great it actually allows you to move forward some of the voice applications that you'd find in a mobile phone over to the computer and I could be working and when I have an inbound call I could see a caller ID come up if any to send someone a message i can do that via SMS rocket dial from the address book these are all done over bluetooth and again the level of Bluetooth complexity here is limited to the one button that's there in the upper left-hand corner as far as the user being able to turn that on but beyond that it's sort of sort of handled this is also a great application a lot of fun it essentially takes your sony ericsson phone and turns it into a remote control for your computer extremely powerful and that youth it's based on apple script so you can extend it any which way you like it does come with a number of scripts that allows you to navigate through itunes and different songs and albums and so forth as well as dvds or run a presentation from keno to powerpoint but it's sort of again if you look at the UI here the user is focused in on what the remote control function should be what the action should be and there's really no reference to blue to in here at all which is the way it should be bluetooth should become transparent to the user and very sore seamless in the overall experience there's another solution that's out there called mobile high speed and this provides sort of if there's three elements to the phone one a synchronization the other sort of voice oriented solutions for voice applications the other is data and removing the complexity of being able to get on to a 2.5 g or GPRS network from the user so it's a very seamless experience this application actually handles that and provides again that connection over a Bluetooth link and makes all those levers and switches that are sort of required banish from the user and they just get on which is great so I like to do is actually provide you some tips if you're working on or thinking about Bluetooth solutions these are generated from a sort of low sleep cycle high caffeine sort of type of the environment that we work it in for a while but I think they're they're pretty useful to sort of use as guidelines one it's the challenges bandage that for a long period of time Bluetooth has been extremely hard to find for a user in fact if you go to some type of devices you could go five layers deep on the UI before you even find any kind of reference to bluetooth at all and having this kind of barrier to the user sort of inhibits or prevents users from actually engaging with the technology and using it so if you're working on a solution we really encourage you to move Bluetooth way higher up in the UI hierarchy if you will so the user can quickly get to lose lose at least be able to turn on one of the other challenges that discovery is an easy constant people get that but it's not always straightforward and again this goes back to the filtering show the user only the types of devices they really need for the test that they're working on and not the whole list of everything that's out there in the room pairing is difficult I mentioned this before there's a lot of different steps involved they need to be done in a sequence and again this is something that the bluetooth sig is looking at fixing in the longer term in the shorter term what we really recommend if you're working on bluetooth unless the data you're sending absolutely needs to be secure avoid pairing rather than doing pairing remember where you've been allow connections remember that connection expose that to the user at first they can choose off of a cache list and then they can get right back into where they are we found is essentially that most users will wind up connecting to about the same six or seven types of devices so there's a good chance that if they go in you remember that connection double go right to that same spot again it'll make it a very easy experience now if you do need a pair because the data sensitive then go ahead and do that but again I wouldn't make that a default so I'll possible so the other sort of challenge for bluetooth is that there's limited bandwidth available over the Bluetooth link and really need to be cognizant of what you're sending over the air and think of Bluetooth is wireless USB it's a small pipe don't try to send large amounts of information over that be very selective of what you do with it otherwise the user experience will suffer and people like getting a bad feeling about the overall solution you don't really want that to happen okay so um to the last section here what I really want to talk about is where we can or start a dialogue on is where we can take wireless from here I'd be interested to get your reactions at the end of the QA process so from a user perspective what we're seeing is that users have more and more wireless technologies that are either using whether it's a mobile phone or a cordless phone bluetooth in a computer or a handheld you know all different types whether it's 802 11 etc and there's different things that they can do with that for them it's harder to sort of keep it all straight they don't really they're having a difficult time now to remember which steps are which for which wireless technology and really what they're after is again a level of abstraction from the technology they want the applications or the developers to you know in their apps and sort of take care of that for them so it's a very seamless and transparent experience for them so I think needs to happen next is really we need to get to a stage where applications take more control over that experience and provide that level of transparency so that connections from a wireless respective are done our sort of task driven and done at that level rather than at the system level so the user can focus in on what they're trying to do which is to create or share collaborate and not really worry about I got to connect its associate or I need to do some discovery to be able to get this to work the other thing too I think applications should start to drive towards is being more efficient about their bandwidth and know what kind of connection there on and based off of that adjust their features accordingly an example I always like to use as email so if I'm on a pretty wide pipe whether it's wired Ethernet connection or an 802 11 connection I can probably bring down my attachments and all that pretty straightforward easily not really a bad situation for the user if I try to emulate that over a narrowband connection where it's a Bluetooth the mobile phone GPRS type of connection you kind of almost want to have the attachments stay up on the server and the user to bring those down you know as they choose there should be something that happens transparently for the user and not something they have to remember to go do so one of the things I want to talk about here was really where as an example let's talk about the the meeting place and kind of what it represents today from a wireless perspective and then perhaps some of the things we could do going forward to really take it up to the next level if we think about the meeting place today it's really about people coming together where they can again we can share they can collaborate then create stuff and having come together they leave having done something better at the end of that and in that process typically they'll wind up connecting two different tensions equipment or networks and different devices that are you know that they take with them into the meeting so I wanted to show you some examples of what's available today that sort of address that today you can actually go into a meeting and wirelessly you know present whatever slides you might have to an audience using a do to that 11 connection in this case example is from from in focus you can also at the end say at the end of that presentation work sort of on a whiteboard type of environment and collaborate and sort of work on next steps and so forth and then wirelessly be able to move that back over to a computer and then have it distributed via email or whatnot Andy beam is working on something like that in a meeting room you'll typically find law the handheld so this is something where you could actually synchronize or send a business card over the wireless connection even between handhelds that can actually communicate and chat please the types of activities that typically go on in the meeting with respect to handhelds then there's the mobile phone well it's for users will come in with a mobile phone and here again with using an application like address book you can you know filter the calls that come in respond via SMS and do some of those things as well as any synchronization it needs to happen while you're in that meeting but if you really step back and look at that these are different kinds of things there in that meeting room it's really about connecting my stuff to something and I think that the next level of wireless solutions really come from an environment where we have achieved sort of this transparency and application awareness of what you're connected to and transition that model is not just about my stuff connecting to something but I can check my stuff to your stuff so take that virtual cable from a Bluetooth connection you know unplug it from my mobile phone maybe I plug it into your mobile phone we can do something interesting that way but it's a whole nother environment I think that sort of untapped at this point that really allows and fosters collaboration using wireless connections in the various resources that are available in that room this is something that you know if somebody really think about and and sort of drive towards Earth or work to in your plans as your because you're working on your wireless solutions so in summary what have we learned over the course of the last hour so remember the matrix so again this is a probably one of the more important positioning slides you'll see from the wireless perspective attitude on 11 equals wireless Ethernet Bluetooth equals wireless USB Mac users love wireless we can see that from their early adoption of 802 11 g and from the market share positions that they hold which is much larger than what we have in the computer side of things 802 dot11 has a lot of momentum behind it from a business perspective or product perspective from a connectivity perspective so it's a really good environment to start working on solutions there for 3 1 it's a great product great update to the airport extreme platform oops bluetooth is on the rise it's getting wings there's more and more products going out there it's getting easier and easier to use and it's really a great environment to start some development in no peripheral perspective and in following along lines with some of those examples I showed you in the different applications that are available via bluetooth I think longer term wireless transparency is the key remove the whole category forward for the user and really generate greater adoption and really drive it you know beyond where it is today so with that there's a slide here that shows the places you can go to get it additional information there are three other sessions that sort of are complementary to this one that are available throughout the course of this Developers Conference we encourage you to go to the one tomorrow is on Bluetooth one that I mentioned earlier it be very interesting for those of you who want to get more detail into the profiles and such you